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Internal iliac artery - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Internal iliac artery

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Artery: Internal iliac
Front of abdomen, showing surface markings for arteries and inguinal canal. (Hypogastric visible in lower right.
Bifurcation of the aorta and the right iliac arteries - side view. Hypogastric artery is an old term for internal iliac artery.
Latin arteria iliaca interna
Gray's subject #155 614
Source Common iliac artery
Branches iliolumbar artery, lateral sacral artery, superior gluteal artery, inferior gluteal artery, middle rectal artery, uterine artery, obturator artery, inferior vesical artery, superior vesical artery, obliterated umbilical artery, internal pudendal artery
Vein Internal iliac vein
MeSH A07.231.114.444
Dorlands/Elsevier a_61/12154560

The internal iliac artery (formerly known as the hypogastric artery) is the main artery of the pelvis.

Contents

[edit] Structure

The internal iliac artery supplies the walls and viscera of the pelvis, the buttock, the reproductive organs, and the medial compartment of the thigh.

It is a short, thick vessel, smaller than the external iliac artery, and about 4 cm in length.

[edit] Course

It arises at the bifurcation of the common iliac artery, opposite the lumbosacral articulation (L5/S1 intervertebral disc), and, passing downward to the upper margin of the greater sciatic foramen, divides into two large trunks, an anterior and a posterior.

The following are relations of the artery at various points: it is posterior to the ureter, anterior to the internal iliac vein, the lumbosacral trunk, and the piriformis muscle; near its origin, it is medial to the external iliac vein, which lies between it and the psoas major muscle; it is above the obturator nerve.

[edit] Branches

The exact arrangement of branches of the internal iliac artery is variable. Generally, the artery divides into an anterior division and a posterior division, with the posterior division giving rise to the superior gluteal, iliolumbar, and lateral sacral arteries. The rest usually arise from the anterior division.

The following are the branches of internal iliac artery. Because it is variable, a listed artery may not be a direct branch, but instead might arise off a direct branch.

Division Branch Distribution/other details
Anterior Obturator artery occasionally from inferior epigastric artery
Anterior Inferior gluteal artery runs through greater sciatic foramen to gluteal region
Anterior Umbilical artery branches are superior vesical artery and artery of the ductus deferens. Is source of Superior vesical artery when it doesn't arise directly from the internal iliac
Anterior Inferior vesical artery supplies Urinary bladder
Anterior Uterine artery (females) superior and vaginal branches. Corresponds to artery to the ductus deferens
Anterior Vaginal artery (females) can also arise from Uterine artery
Anterior Middle rectal artery distributed to the rectum
Anterior Internal pudendal artery runs through greater sciatic foramen. Branches are Inferior rectal artery, Perineal artery, Posterior scrotal branches, Urethral artery, Artery of bulb of penis , Dorsal artery of penis, Deep artery of penis (and analogous arteries in females)
Posterior Iliolumbar artery lumbar and iliac branches
Posterior Lateral sacral arteries superior and inferior branches
Posterior Superior gluteal artery runs through greater sciatic foramen to gluteal region

[edit] Structure in fetus

In the fetus, the internal iliac artery is twice as large as the external iliac, and is the direct continuation of the common iliac.

It ascends along the side of the bladder, and runs upward on the back of the anterior wall of the abdomen to the umbilicus, converging toward its fellow of the opposite side.

Having passed through the umbilical opening, the two arteries, now termed umbilical, enter the umbilical cord, where they are coiled around the umbilical vein, and ultimately ramify in the placenta.

At birth, when the placental circulation ceases, the pelvic portion only of the umbilical artery remains patent gives rise to the superior vesical artery (or arteries) of the adult; the remainder of the vessel is converted into a solid fibrous cord, the medial umbilical ligament (otherwise known as the obliterated hypogastric artery) which extends from the pelvis to the umbilicus.

[edit] Variation

In two-thirds of a large number of cases, the length of the internal iliac varied between 2.25 and 3.4 cm.; in the remaining third it was more frequently longer than shorter, the maximum length being about 7 cm. the minimum about 1 cm.

The lengths of the common iliac and internal iliac arteries bear an inverse proportion to each other, the internal iliac artery being long when the common iliac is short, and vice versa.

The place of division of the internal iliac artery varies between the upper margin of the sacrum and the upper border of the greater sciatic foramen.

The right and left hypogastric arteries in a series of cases often differed in length, but neither seemed constantly to exceed the other.

[edit] Collateral Circulation

The circulation after ligature of the internal iliac artery is carried on by the anastomoses of:

[edit] Additional images

[edit] See also

[edit] External links

This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.

Arteries of thorax, abdomen, and pelvis edit

pulmonary - aorta - ascending aorta
right coronary (sinuatrial nodal, atrioventricular nodal, atrial, right marginal, posterior interventricular)
left coronary (anterior interventricular, left circumflex, left marginal)
aortic arch - brachiocephalic - thyreoidea ima - common carotid | (Gray's s141-Gray's s143)

DESCENDING AORTA / THORACIC AORTA: bronchial - esophageal - posterior intercostal - subcostal | (Gray's s153)

ABDOMINAL AORTA: Anterior - celiac: left gastric

splenic: pancreatic branches (arteria pancreatica magna) - short gastric - left gastro-omental

common hepatic: proper hepatic (cystic), right gastric, gastroduodenal (right gastro-omental, superior pancreaticoduodenal)

superior mesenteric: inferior pancreaticoduodenal - intestinal - ileocolic (appendicular) - right colic - middle colic

inferior mesenteric: left colic - sigmoid - superior rectal

Posterior - Visceral: middle suprarenal - renal (inferior suprarenal) - testicular/ovarian - Parietal: inferior phrenic (superior suprarenal) - lumbar - median sacral

Terminal branches: common iliac - marginal - internal iliac | (Gray's s154)

INTERNAL ILIAC: Anterior: umbilical (superior vesical, to ductus deferens) - inferior vesical - middle rectal - uterine (azygos of the vagina) - vaginal - obturator
internal pudendal: (inferior rectal, perineal, artery of the urethral bulb, urethral, deep artery of the penis, dorsal artery of the penis)
inferior gluteal (accompanying of ischiadic nerve, crucial anastomosis)
Posterior: iliolumbar - lateral sacral - superior gluteal | (Gray's s155)

EXTERNAL ILIAC: inferior epigastric (cremasteric) - deep circumflex iliac | (Gray's s156)

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