Julien Green
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Julian Hartridge Green, or Julien Green (1900–1998), was a French born American author of several novels including Léviathan and Each in His Own Darkness. He wrote in French, but was not a French citizen.
[edit] Biography
Julien Green was born September 6, 1900 to American parents in Paris, a descendant on his mother's side of a Confederate Senator, Julian Hartridge (1829-1879), who later served as a Democratic Representative from Georgia to the US Congress, and who was Julien Green's namesake. (Green was christened "Julian", the spelling was changed by his French publisher in the 1920s to "Julien.")
Born into a protestant family, he converted to catholicism in 1916. The next year, at the age of 16, he volunteered his services as an ambulanceman in the American Field Service. When his age was discovered his enlistment was annulled. He immediately signed up with an ambulance unit of the American Red Cross, and when that six-month term of service ended in 1918, he enlisted in the French Army, in which he served as a second lieutenant of artillery until 1919. He was educated at the University of Virginia in the United States from 1919-22. His career as one of the major figures of French litterature in the 20th century started soon after his return from the United States. In july of 1940, after France's defeat, he went back to America. In 1942, he was mobilized and sent to New York to work at the United States Office of War Information. From there, for almost a year, five times a week, he would address France as part of the radio broadcasts of Voice of America, working inter alia with André Breton and Yul Brynner. Green went back to France right after the end of World War II. A devout Catholic, most of his books focused on the ideas of faith and religion as well as hypocrisy. Several of his books dealt with the southern United States, and he strongly identified with the fate of the Confederacy, characterizing himself throughout his life as a "Sudiste." He inherited this version of patriotism from his mother, who came from a distinguished southern family. Some years before Julien's birth, when Julien's father was offered a choice of posts (with his bank) in either Germany or France, Julien's mother urged the choice of France on the grounds that the French were "also a proud people, recently defeated in war, and we shall understand one another." (The reference was to France's 1871 defeat in the Franco-Prussian War).
In France, both during his life and today, Julien Green's fame rests principally not on his novels, but on his journals, published in ten volumes, and spanning the years 1926-1976. These avidly-read and well-known volumes provide a chronicle of his literary and religious life, and a unique window on the artistic and literary scene in Paris over a span of half a century. Green's style, austere and employing to great effect the "passé simple," a literary tense nearly abandoned by many of his French contemporaries, found favor with the Académie Française, a fact mentioned in his election to that august body. Green resigned from the Académie shortly before his death, citing his American heritage and loyalties.
Thus far three of his books have been turned into films: Léviathan (1962), for which he himself wrote the screenplay, is the most famous. Adrienne Mesurat (1953) and La Dame de pique (1965) are the other two.
He died on August 13, 1998 in Paris and was buried in the parish church of Klagenfurt, Austria.
Green was the first non-French national to be elected to the Académie française in 1971, as it was commonly believed he had dual citizenship. In fact, although born in Paris and writing in the French language, he had never become a French citizen.
[edit] Selected works
- Pamphlet contre les catholiques de France (1924)
- Mount Cinère (1926)
- Suite anglaise (1927)
- Le voyageur sur la terre (1927)
- Adrienne Mesurat (1927)
- Un puritain homme de lettres (1928)
- Léviathan (The Dark Journey, 1929)
- L'autre sommeil (1930)
- Épaves (The Strange River, 1932)
- Le visionnaire (The Dreamer, 1934)
- Minuit, (Midnight, 1936)
- Journals I, II, III (1938-46)
- Varouna (Then Shall the Dust Return, 1940)
- Memories of Happy Days (1942)
- Si j'étais vous... (If I Were You, 1947)
- Moïra (1950)
- Sud (1953)
- L'ennemi (1954)
- La malfaiteur (The Transgressor, 1956)
- L'ombre (1956)
- Le bel aujour-d'hui (1958)
- Chaque homme dans sa nuit (1960)
- Partir avant le jour (To Leave Before Dawn/The Green Paradise, 1963)
- Mille chemins ouverts (The War at Sixteen, 1964)
- Terre lointaine (Love in America, 1996)
- Les années faciles (1970)
- L'autre (The Other One, 1971)
- Qui sommes-nous (1972)
- Ce qui reste du jour (1972)
- Jeunesse (1974)
- La liberté (1974)
- Memories of Evil Days (1976)
- La Nuit des fantômes (1976)
- Le Mauvais lieu (1977)
- Ce qu'il faut d'amour à l'homme (1978)
- Dans la gueule du temps (1979)
- Les Pays lointains (The Distant Lands, 1987)
- Les Étoiles du sud (The Stars of the South, 1989)
- Paris (1991)
[edit] External links
| Preceded by: François Mauriac |
Seat 22 Académie française 1971-1998 |
Succeeded by: René de Obaldia |
