Talk:Langston Hughes

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This article is part of WikiProject Missouri, a WikiProject related to the U.S. state of Missouri.

Hughes was widely considered to be bisexual, but his family destroyed much of his correspondance after his death. The documentary "Looking for Langston" discusses this issue.

Contents 1 Kerry? 2 Some help? 3 Uhm.. 4 Incorrect information 5 Regarding Hughes' sexuality 6 God to a Hungry Child 7 Vandalize 8 "Main biographer" 9 Plagiarism? 10 "African American poets" Sandburg and Whitman 11 Prejudice has no place on Wiki 12 Restored page after severe vandalism 13 After vandelism 14 Add Smithsonian link? 15 Filling out the article 16 Severe vandalism 17 IP address of vandals 18 References 19 Correction of errors in biblo. AND inclusion of list of major works 20 Added photo 21 Addition 22 Hughes' Black Pride 23 Vandalilsm 24 Minor additions and corrections 25 Minor Vandalism/Corrections 26 Misleading Information/Vandalism 27 Additions 28 Vandalism 29 SEVERE VANDALISM 30 Repeated Vandalism 31 Invalid Wikisource link? 32 Hughes in Film 33 Reviews?

[edit] Kerry?

Is the John llplpl[]pllllllllllin this article really necessary? 141.150.124.186 03:15, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Why not? A presidential candidate chooses a controversial poet for the theme of his campaign. He didn't make a lot out of it, but in a minor way it is like the identification of JFK with Robert Frost. Poetry doesn't show up in politics all that often. When it does, it is noteworthy, and we note it here. Ortolan88 04:07, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

[edit] Some help?

Would any Langston Hughes fans mind helping me out, over on page color metaphors for race? One "PhilWelch" keeps trashing and reverting the page I started. I'm 141.161.54.36 . Thank you! Your additions are much welcomed.

The input of experienced Wikipedians who grasp NPOV is especially welcome. Tverbeek 1 July 2005 04:42 (UTC)

[edit] Uhm..

"Hughes was born James Mercer Langston Hughes in Joplin, Missouri, the son of Carrie Langston Hughes, a black teacher, and her husband, a Black lawyer named James Nathaniel Hughes"

The "Black" lawyer, links to a "Whites" page. Shouldn't it either be a) not link at all, as the black teacher links to the blacks page, or b) the father was white?

The parents of Langston Hughes were both African American, blacks!

[edit] Incorrect information

It is a well established fact that the parents of Langston Hughes were both African Americns. Yet, for reasons I do not understand, someone keeps referring to the father of Hughes as a white man. Why? Wikipedia is suppose to provide a resource for accurate information, not information that is patently incorrect.TonyCrew 19:14, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

[edit] Regarding Hughes' sexuality

documented the correct information and sources:

Actually, in a surprising admission on the part of Hughes biographer Arnold Rampersad (who conducted meticulous research to admit this fact in LLH Volume 2), Langston Hughes showed a preference for other black men, especially dark skinned black men. Hughes found white men of little sexual appeal(Rampersad 336). Moreover, while in his early 60s, Hughes seemed to fall in love with Gilbert Price(Rampersad 373), a former black star of Broadway who was himself closeted until his accidental death due to carbon monoxide. Price had a strong handsome voice similiar to Paul Robeson. Hughes traveling companion in the Caribbean, Zell Ingram, was gay but Hughes disguised him as a heterosexual in his first autobiography (Berry,123). Zell was known to be gay even though he married and divorced later in his life. The F.S. Poem is conjectured to be Ferdinand Smith, a sailor from Jamaica who Hughes corresponded with up until Smith's death in Jamaica(Berry 347). They met in the 1920's. Smith encouraged Hughes toward sea travel. The poem, Sailor Ashore, was written for Smith. The love Hughes had for other black men is evident in a number of unpublished poems he wrote to a black male lover(West 162). Hughes was seen in bath house in Harlem, the only one to admit black men in New York, Mt. Morris Baths. A close friend of Hughes, Glenn Carrington, was another black gay man who knew Hughes from his youth in the 20's. Carrington often took photos of handsome young black men.

In the book REMEMBER ME TO HARLEM, a selected collection of letters between Hughes and Carl Van Vechten by Emily Barnard, a reference is made to the "open secret" of Hughes being gay by one of the leading black publications of his day, Amsterdam News 1940(Bernard 176). Hughes along with Richmond Barthe ,himself gay, was nominated as eligiable bachelors. In addition, Van Vechten sends Hughes a photograph of two very handsome black sailors with a "wink, wink" inuendo (Barnard 227). The same books hints of other black gay men who were more than likely associated with Hughes. The book feautures ample evidence if only one is willing to read very carefully.

Isaac Julien's LOOKING FOR LANGSTON pays homage to Hughes and and denied black gay history by attempting to reclaim Hughes and other black gay men who have contributed in general to black American history. The film, through a character resembling a young Hughes, celebrates the love between black gay men.

"In black culture in general, as long as you can pass and have all of the accoutrements of straight men, then you are "okay"--the problems arise when you are vocal and comfortable with your homosexuality..."

It must be remembered that the majority of black gay men were closeted in Hughes day. Hughes would not have been able to achieve what he did if he was open about his sexuality. Hughes taught black Americans to take pride in their heritage and love themselves absent of self-hate. He was not high minded like many black intellectuals of his day, but celebrated the working class black and through him the working class in general in all people. Long before "black is beautiful" of the 60's, Hughes was saying black is beautiful.TonyCrew 18:49, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

Bernard, Emily. Remember Me to Harlem: The Letters of Langston Hughes and Carl Van Vechten. Knopf 2001

Berry, Faith. Langston Hughes: Before and Beyond Harlem. Citadel Press 1983, 1992

Rampersad, Arnold. The Life of Langston Hughes. Vol.2 1941-1967 I dream a world. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988

Waugh, Thomas. Hard to Imagine. Columbia University Press. 1996.

West Sandra & Aberjhani. Encyclopedia of The Harlem Renaissance. Checkmark Books 2003TonyCrew 20:22, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

[edit] God to a Hungry Child

I just removed the reference to Hughes from "Frederic Rzewski's song God to a Hungry Child (lyrics by Langston Hughes)" in Key signature, where it was irrelevant. It may be relevant here, though. Common Man 01:23, 19 January 2006 (UTC) Thick he is!

[edit] Vandalize

A short time ago, someone came onto the page and changed its font causing an administrator to come in and "rightly" correct the action. Unfortunately, the documented and correct information was deleted by complete accident in the process. I have resubmitted this information to its former place.

Please, some time ago, Wikipedia was applauded for the integrity of its articles because of the main fact that its sources are documented and those contributing to a specific article are knowledgeable in that field. To this I say, Congratulations, Wiki!!!TonyCrew 20:25, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

[edit] "Main biographer"

Who's the "main biographer" alluded to in "life"? I don't doubt the claim, but specifics would help. --Khazar 05:32, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

Arnold Rampersad is the "main biographer" of Langston Hughes. Rampersad's research is the most exhaustive to date as he was given complete access to the Hughes papers by the late George Bass who was excutive of the Hughes estate along with Arna Bontemps, the best friend of Hughes from the Harlem Renaissanceand. Rampersad conducted the most indepth interviews with people who knew Hughes. The late Gilbert Price, who was also gay, was one such interview. Rampersad is now co-excutive of the Hughes estate.

Today, any research done on Hughes must be divided up into pre-Rampersad and post-Rampersad periods.

TonyCrew 19:02, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

For clarity, added Rampersad's name to the text to identify him as the "main biographer." I apologize for the delay.TonyCrew 18:27, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

[edit] Plagiarism?

I haven't read the whole Wiki article or the whole poets.org article, but I did notice that this sentence: 

"Hughes, who claimed Paul Laurence Dunbar, Carl Sandburg, and Walt Whitman as his primary influences, is particularly known for his insightful, colorful portrayals of black life in America from the 1920s through the 1960s"

Was taken exactly from the poets.org article. I wouldn't think that this is an acceptable practice at Wikipedia, but I'm a little hesitant to edit it.

You're absolutely correct, edit away :) .:.Jareth.:. ^babelfish 15:56, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

(First post was by me on a school computer, by the way) OK, I kind of corrected the blantant plagiarism, but it is essentially still copied. I really just reworded the poets.org passage so that the information could still be kept in. -VetteDude 19:35, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

[edit] "African American poets" Sandburg and Whitman

Near the top of the CAREER section: "Hughes was influenced by other African American poets, namely Paul Laurence Dunbar, Carl Sandburg, and Walt Whitman."

Neither Sandburg nor Whitman was African American.

I was rewording the plagiarism and didn't take the time to distinguish between Dunbar being African American and the others not being so. I'm also not a big fan of poets, so I honestly didn't know that the others were white (should have looked it up on Wiki) :) -VetteDude 22:39, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

[edit] Prejudice has no place on Wiki

One again, someone of unknown origin had decided to come in and delete documented and accurate information. Wiki is not the place for such prejudice and prejudice of any kind. I have restored what was taken out. Please, whomever is doing this and other violations on Wiki, stop it. This act is unfair to the reliable and postive growing reputation of Wiki and those knowledgeable in a specific area.TonyCrew 19:06, 12 March 2006 (UTC)

Please stop this act of vandalism. To the individual who repeatedly does this please note, your internet address is being logged (64.107.183.156). Whether this is the same person using different addresses I do not know. Repeatedly, offensive language has been left ,and, documented information has been deleted.TonyCrew 20:14, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

[edit] Restored page after severe vandalism

After a case of very severe vandalism, I restored the article to its previous version to the best of my ability, barring minor corrections such as parts of speech from one contributor and a misidentification of Hughes as belonging to the Lost Generation of writers. Also, corrected small inaccuracy stating that Hughes was in the Navy. Hughes never joined the Navy. I hope I succeeded in returning the page to its former, but improved, condition. A check of the history will show this. Also, corrected repetitions in the article to tighten it up. Its contributors deserve better.

Honestly, I have never seen this page so vandalized.TonyCrew 05:47, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

I added the signature poem of Hughes, The Negro Speaks of Rivers. It was odd that this poem should not be included in an entry of Hughes. Moreover, I added two lines about Hughes and WWII. Left alone, the impression was being given that Hughes did not "ever" support the war, a major error. Hughes connected the war to the struggle for civil rights of African Americans in the states.TonyCrew 18:23, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

[edit] After vandelism

Much of the article suffered from repititions. I streamlined the article to avoid these faults. Chronological order was lacking and confusing. Added information about Hughes in the mid 50s and 60s before his death. In additon, corrected errors in facts.TonyCrew 13:13, 10 April 2006 (UTC)

Included info on Simple creation. Because Hughes only wrote two autobiograhies and a contributor included them non-specifically in the article, I thought it was best to identify them explicitly. I did not add the dates of these two autobiographies as they would slightly throw off the chronological dates. But, the dates are included in the Bibliography Section of the page.TonyCrew 17:02, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

[edit] Add Smithsonian link?

Dear Editor,

I am a writer for the Smithsonian Institution's Center for Education and Museum Studies, which publishes Smithsonian in Your Classroom, a magazine for teachers. Our most recent issue, titled "The Music in Poetry," features Langston Hughes and his use of the blues. It is available for free download at this address:

http://www.smithsonianeducation.org/educators/resource_library/publications_siyc_spring2006.html

If you think your audience would find this issue valuable, I wish to invite you to include it under External Links. We would be most grateful.

Thank you so much for your attention. 160.111.254.11 22:04, 10 April 2006 (UTC) Smithsonian Center for Education and Museum Studies, Washington, D.C.

The Smithsonian link is valid and should be of great interest as Hughes incorporated blues patterns into his poetry. I added to External Links.TonyCrew 17:26, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

[edit] Filling out the article

Added more information to round out Hughes involvement in the Harlem Renaissance with the conflict he and other writers faced to make their voices heard. Also, added his manifesto declaring independence from assimulationist propaganda of the black elite.Plus, I noticed that nowhere in the article was there mention of his travels in Caribbean and West Indies.TonyCrew 18:18, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

[edit] Severe vandalism

Again, the page succumb to vadanlism by user 66.99.52.130. I restored what was repeatedly pasted and deleted. TonyCrew 17:25, 18 April 2006 (UTC)

Also, added addtional poem to provide example of politcal writings of Hughes during his flirtation with Communisim, the poem A NEW SONG.TonyCrew 19:10, 18 April 2006 (UTC)

[edit] IP address of vandals

I have noticed that the acts of vandalism appear to come from similar/same ip addresses. In this case: 71.3.136.68 and 71.3.120.2 in history.

To the person(s) doing this, please stop. You are not contributing. You are engaging invandalizing other people hard work, people who are familiar on specific subjects in Wiki.TonyCrew 18:10, 28 April 2006 (UTC)

71.3.120.2 is being particularily aggressive. The user isn't contributing, but vandalizing. I am doing my best to keep up with this individual in this article.TonyCrew 19:26, 28 April 2006 (UTC)

[edit] References

I added another book to the Reference Section. And, put the book references in their proper order. Also, corrected error in the Bibliography where it had the Weary Blues (1926) being published in 1927. Fine Clothes to the Jew was published in 1927.TonyCrew 22:54, 28 April 2006 (UTC)

[edit] Correction of errors in biblo. AND inclusion of list of major works

The bibliography contained a few errors. It listed fiction as non-fiction. I created another section to correct the minor error. Moreover, Hughes body of work is tremendous and perhaps beyond the scope of what the entry requires. Therefore, I included only major works placed in the proper catagory. I included the date of publication,but not the publisher.TonyCrew 17:15, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

Added the full name of father of Hughes: JAMES NATHANIEL HUGHESTonyCrew 17:32, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

Added MULE BONE to list of major plays by Hughes. MULE BONE was conceived by Hurton and Hughes. An arguement caused the two to stop collaborating with one another on the play.TonyCrew 22:59, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

[edit] Added photo

Added photograph of the first book by Hughes, The Weary Blues. The cover designed was by Miguel Covarrubias who I think (?) may have been introduced to Hughes by Carl Van Vechten.TonyCrew 21:29, 12 May 2006 (UTC)

Added photograph by Gordon Parks done for the U.S. Gov't. in 1943.TonyCrew 08:22, 13 May 2006 (UTC)

[edit] Addition

I added quote from Langston Hughes given toward the end of his life in 1967. It is a one senctence statement he gave for the WHO'S WHO IN AMERICA. The statement summarizes his view of his work in general, that is, the purpose of his work.

Also, added his stay in 1949 at a somewhat integrated school under the the University of Chicago.TonyCrew 08:48, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

Added one last photo illustrating Hughes speaking before the 1953 Committee of Un-American Activities as cited in the article.TonyCrew 19:01, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

[edit] Hughes' Black Pride

Hughes was possessed of a radical racial consciousness (i.e. black pride). While it is mentioned in the article, it was not fleshed out to reveal its importance and influence beyond the black American community on writers of African descent from Haite, to Cuba, and beyond and African writers. Therefore, I expanded it for detail and accuracy of importance.

Two, younger generation of black writers during the 50's considered Hughes "out of date" because of his constant talk of black pride and issues facing blacks in the U.S., hence, a racial chauvinist as Rampersad noted they saw him (207). Ironically and very interestingly, as Rampersad noted more, Hughes would consider those black writers influenced by the Black Power Movement of the 60s racial chauvinist because of their very hostile attitude toward white people.

Rampersad, Arnold. The Life of Langston Hughes. Vol.2 1941-1967 I dream a world. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988 TonyCrew 07:16, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

[edit] Vandalilsm

Corrected case of vandalism by 204.16792.24TonyCrew 16:18, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

[edit] Minor additions and corrections

The article state that Hughes father was the primary influence on his poetry, but this is incorrect. The primary influence on the poetry of Hughes and his body of work in general was his maternal grandmother who instilled in Hughes his strong sense of racial pride found so strongly in poetry and stories. Also, in 1923 when Hughes first went overseas, he visited West Africa, not Central Africa.TonyCrew 22:01, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

Added photo of Hughes in 1923 by Nickolas Muray. And, made further corrections in text of "Life" to avoid repetition. Also, added link to Hughes page at Library of Congress. TonyCrew 23:00, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

Fine tuned the article more to make it more precise and absent of certain confusing detail. Also, font was slightly thrown off in the second paragraph of the first section. Solved problem by reducing the three names of members of the LOST GENERATION to two names. In the end, the two names are perhaps better representatives of this generation of American writers in the article.TonyCrew 08:05, 18 May 2006 (UTC)

Added two more photographs to balance out the page and improve the aesthetics of it at the same time. One photo I felt should be of Hughes during the the last years of his life as an old man. It is located in the "Career" section. The last photo added is by African American photographer James Allen in the "Politics" section. Allen was a friend of Hughes. He photographed many of the New Negroes of the period, including Carl Van Vechten.TonyCrew 09:22, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

Corrected date 1933 to 1932 when Hughes visited the Soviet Union for the first time. Also, added photo which should be the definite last to complete the article.TonyCrew 10:40, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

It was important to specify the oral traditon upon which Hughes racial pride was founded, the historically black oral tradition employed by African slaves and their descendents.TonyCrew 17:38, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

Filled out Hughes early life more. It was lacking in certain important information such as the early writing of Hughes as an adolescent and the recount he gives to why he was elected class poet in grammer school.TonyCrew 06:00, 25 May 2006 (UTC)

Added quote to support text. The quote (Rampersad 409) is from black writer Loften Mitchell, a friend of Hughes during the last few years of his life. /Rampersad, Arnold. The Life of Langston Hughes. Vol.2 1941-1967 I dream a world. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988 TonyCrew 06:34, 27 May 2006 (UTC)

Added internal links for Jericho-Jim Crow and Black NativityTonyCrew 18:27, 31 May 2006 (UTC)

Added more referencences to citations. One reference is from a friend of Hughes, Jean Blackwell Hutson, who was the former chief of the Arthur Schomberg Center for Research in Black Culture . In the article, she talks about Hughes and his being gay. Also, added Ford Foundation link which talks about Hughes "radical black pride" and his importance to African American and Pan-African consciousness/nationalism/aestheticsTonyCrew 22:26, 31 May 2006 (UTC)

Under the REFERENCES, added the specific pages instead of the error of adding the book in general for citations in Faith Berry's book on Hughes. Note: Berry's book is "okay" but Rampersad's is more detailed. Berry was not permitted access to "all" the Hughes archieves at Yale while George Bass was serving as executor/trustee. And, removed Barnard I place earlier for want of more concrete references: Bernard, Emily (2001). Remember Me to Harlem: The Letters of Langston Hughes and Carl Van Vechten. In Letters 1935-1940, p.176 & p.227. Knopf ISBN 0679451137 TonyCrew 00:00, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

Added notations and "Note" section for them. Also, added Vachel Lindsay who publicized Hughes, but did not discover him as incorrectly assumed.TonyCrew 22:12, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

Corrected sentence structure where Vachel Lindsay was introduced.TonyCrew 04:56, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

Added the "last" photo of Langston Hughes for this article. The photograph is of Langston Hughes at Lincoln University in 1928. The photograph was not taken in the Soviet Union. Moreover, the hat Hugehs is wearing bears the greek inscription of the African American fraternity he belonged to while attending Lincoln, Omega Psi Phi. The photo and rearrangement of Weary Blues book cover photo should help to improve the appearance of the article.TonyCrew 02:53, 6 June 2006 (UTC)

Updated the article with information concerning Hughes' time in Washington, D.C. Prior to meeting Lindsay, Hughes would work for Carter G. Woodson and the organization he co-founded. Because work was so time consuming under Carter, and to respectful because all the right kind of blacks were being met according to biographer Faith Berry, Hughes excused himself from employement under Woodson to seek other, less demanding work. Hence, the job he would take as a busboy in the Wardman Park Hotel in D.C.TonyCrew 19:27, 6 June 2006 (UTC)

Further updated article with information about Hughes co-writing the the movie Way Down South. His writing partner was the African American actor Clarence Muse. It is interesting to note that his experiences in Hollywood and on the stage would find expression in the poem Notes on Commercial Theatre. Also, Hughes received a second honorary doctorate from Howard University,a HBCU in June of 1963.TonyCrew 22:33, 9 June 2006 (UTC)

[edit] Minor Vandalism/Corrections

Removed single poems from list of book of poems by 167.196.245.6. A little bit confused on the vandalism issue here since the section was clearly for books of poetry. Check user history to determine the precise nature of this user's activity. Possibly just mistake?!

More, provided internal link for John Reed Clubs. John Reed the individual whose name is given to the club. There is no entry for the "club."TonyCrew 17:22, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

Provide wiki internal link for Essence magazine. Highlighted two decades, 1950s and 1960s. These two decades mark a change in civil rights and attitude among many of the younger generation of African American writers.TonyCrew 17:39, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

Added photograph of Langston Hughes as a baby in 1902, the year he was born. TonyCrew 18:49, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

There were factual errors in the first paragraph of the article left by another user. I did not catch them until after adding the picture and re-reading to check accuracy. I appologize for not catching them at first. Hughes left high school in June 16, 1920, not 1919. He lived with this father during the summer of 1919, returned to live with him in 1920, and left him in September of 1921 for New York. Hughes seriously contemplated suicide one time. More, I added Hughes' exact quote from the Big Sea concerning his father's dislike for other black people, replacing the truncated one by O. Jemie in Langton Hughes: An Introduction of the Poetry.TonyCrew 21:26, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

While time permitted, I included more information about Not Without Laughter and The Ways of White Folks.

Also, user 69.243.223.21 placed incorrect information, the same as user 167.196.245.6 yesterday, in the Biblography. IN BOTH CASES, THE WRONG INFORMATION WAS PLACED and MISLEADING AND INCORRECT DATA LEFT IN EDIT SUMMARY AS REASONS. I am unclear to whether this is vandalism meant to mislead OR a user not checking facts. I fear it is the former. I am worried about further inaccuracies being purposely placed. More, these users,OR, the same user from different computers, appear to pick an actual work to place.TonyCrew 23:33, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

User: Sterki. Please read facts of biography(s) before entering information. Rampersand didn't "claim" Hughes showed a preference of other black men. He "determined" it through the careful examination of data as he researched his two biographies. Two, refer to the second biography to understand Hughes' general attitude toward whites (Rampersad, p.338 & p.368, Vol.2). Please, do not substitute homophobia as facts. Please read the work coming out, understand the date in whicn it was created, and read to understand with an open mind, and read up on current academia. I perhaps know more about Hughes than what is decent to know, but I can and have substantiated everything because of the rules at WIKI and its growing reputation of providing accurate data. Please, changing the facts around is vandalism.TonyCrew 02:11, 15 June 2006 (UTC)

To avoid questionable rewording of facts,possible vandelism, I, again, supported text on Hughes being gay with citations/notes.TonyCrew 04:29, 15 June 2006 (UTC)

Added further notes/citations. And, in addition to the blues and jazz, Huhges was heavily influenced by the black church and its language and rhythms. It must be stressed, Hughes was somewhat disillusioned by the black church in cases where he questioned certain forms of behavior and practice that did not belong in the church (e.g. currupt clergy etc), barring what happened to him at church with his Auntie Reed one day. As Rampersand states, Hughes really believed in and supported the black church.TonyCrew 23:24, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

Provided photo of Hughes as he appeared in high school circa 1919-1920.And, made minor corrections to typos.TonyCrew 20:45, 25 June 2006 (UTC)

Added photograph of Hughes receiving the Spingarn Medal. Plus, added more notes and citations to support text in relation to Hughes and the Black Power Movement.TonyCrew 20:50, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

[edit] Misleading Information/Vandalism

Restored the married name of Langston Hughes' grandmother incorrectly added by user 86.218.96.44. Her name wasn't Mary Sampson Patterson alone, but Mary Sampson Patterson Leary Langston. The full name isn't required.

I am afraid this represents the start of new vandalism again by users from multiple addresses who routinely come in and make unrequired and purposely incorrect changes. If just for a short time, I wish this article could be semi-protected to deter these vandals. PLEASE!TonyCrew 12:52, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

I apologize. I made the mistake but it is involontary. I have made the partial translation of this article in French and I am always seeking informations to add. I'm reading one of the only book of Hughes translated in French and the introduction called the Hughes' grandma: "Mary Sampson Patterson". I really believed make a correction when I made the modification of this article.

Forthermore, anybody can help me about the french article ? I didn't succeed to add photos - Alsop - 22 July 2006

Alsop, I apologize for mistaking your action. I have witnessed such a great deal of vandalism with the intent to provide incorrect information, vulgarities, and etc.

With the photographs, you may have to upload them from your end to the French Edition of Wiki. Remember, I believe the process is case sensitive. Therefore, the file and file name being uploaded must match the file name of the picture being added. Try again. Remember to add the appropriate tags and license.TonyCrew 02:41, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

[edit] Additions

Added photographs and added to the Trivia section.TonyCrew 09:58, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

Added another photograph that should be the very last. Also, undated the notes.TonyCrew 07:03, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

Added further notes.TonyCrew 02:47, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

Added Tambourines to Glory to list of works. Hughes wrote the play in 1956 and later turned it into a book in 1958.

Furthermore, I have noticed that this individual from different computers:67.67.250.132 and 69.155.44.121 has repeatedly come in to add an external link to a book promo. To make matters worst, the site contains what has already been noted---- misquotes of Hughes and other misleading information that allows for a incorrect and offensive reading of Hughes.TonyCrew 17:44, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

Provided further information on Ferdinand Smith to complete specific notes.TonyCrew 21:11, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

Added Hughes to category of African American poets.TonyCrew 07:13, 19 August 2006 (UTC)

Added further notes and another photograph. The photograph is a poster from the play DON'T YOU WANT TO BE FREE performed by the Harlem Suitcase Theatre that Hughes established.TonyCrew 09:11, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

Added further notes. Also, added to external links. The first link is to The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain. The second link is celebrating the 100th birthday of Hughes in 2002 by Yale University who has the largest volume of Hughes' Papers in the James Weldon Johnson Collection.TonyCrew 15:57, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

Added further notes.TonyCrew 19:49, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

Added further notes, two photographs (replaced the first photograph which had a bad exposure with one I hope is a better and more used and recognizable than the other), and expanded the text concerning the overall documented goals Hughes' workTonyCrew 22:56, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

Added few more links of interest in Langston Hughes.

Once again, poster 66.140.173.150 has returned to add the same site, Langston in Lawrence. The site has been admended some by including the full text in a link of a quote from Hughes that truncated leads to a huge misreading of him, something Arnold Rampersad took pains to note in his exhaustive biography of Hughes. Though corrected,the site continues to misrepresent Hughes and some African Americans readers will find it offendedTonyCrew 16:30, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

Added notes and text of how the racial pride of Hughes influenced the Négritude movement in France.TonyCrew 00:05, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

Added another photograph to illustrate the black writers. African American writers such as Hughes, Du Bois, and Claude Mckay were the most influencial on the Négritude movement.TonyCrew 04:20, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

Added futher notes and informative text to the article.TonyCrew 09:42, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

Replaced photograph with one more illustrative of the black writers Hughes influenced. Also, added notes/citations.TonyCrew 18:59, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

Added furhter notes and expanded some text for clarity.TonyCrew 20:05, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

Reorganized bibliography and references. The biblio. included references used for the article. Plus, added section of books for children done by Hughes that wasn't included in the bibliography.TonyCrew 09:13, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

Provided image of the African cosmogram covering the remains of Hughes in the Schomberg Center.TonyCrew 19:33, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

[edit] Vandalism

Edited out vandalism by 168.9.42.206.TonyCrew 20:05, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

Reverted vandalism by 75.4.178.11.TonyCrew 05:35, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

[edit] SEVERE VANDALISM

RESTORED PAGE AFTER CASE OF VERY SEVERE VANDALISM BY USER 205.246.48.87.TonyCrew 00:33, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

Another case of very bad vandalism done by user 199.44.214.2.TonyCrew 17:23, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

[edit] Repeated Vandalism

For reasons unclear, this article has been the target of repeated and often severe vandalism resulting in parts of the article being routinely blanked. Want to ask for protection, but not sure such action is required.

To the administrators and others who have been diligent in catching these vandals, THANK YOU!TonyCrew 06:29, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

Vandalism by 169.139.224.191. User vandalized then put article back to normal.TonyCrew 16:38, 2 October 2006 (UTC)

Added another photograph. This one is from a page of The Negro Mother and Other Dramatic recitations. It was illustrated by Prentiss Taylor who Van Vechten introduced Hughes to as Hughes always dreamed of owning his own publishing firm. With Van Vechten's money, Hughe and Taylor started the short-lived Golden Stair Press.

Vandalism by user Link12345161. The user signs in, vandalizes the page, then restore the page back to original format. User 169.139.224.191 behaved the same yesterday. Users are probably the same.TonyCrew 22:14, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

Added See Also section of key words associated with Hughes.TonyCrew 18:13, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

Corrected small error that identified Claude McKay as a contributor to Fire!!TonyCrew 08:34, 5 October 2006 (UTC)

Corrected vandalism by user 71.100.112.114. Interestingly, I have noticed that vandalism increases with every new school year where there is access to multiple computers.TonyCrew 17:27, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

Vandalism by 152.23.203.139. Made minor edit to "Life" section of the article. Took paragraph concerning the sexuality of Hughes and consolidated it with another of like kind in the "Trivia" section.TonyCrew 18:46, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

The vandalsim of users 152.23.203.139 really concerned me after such great effort was taken to document and cite the correct sources. Rewrote paragraph of sexuality to better match data on Hughes "now" where his being gay is no longer a question.TonyCrew 20:03, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

Added photo of Hughes on 2002 postage stamp and further notes/citatations.TonyCrew 21:55, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

REPEATED VANDALISM BY USER 167.21.254.13.TonyCrew 16:41, 16 October 2006 (UTC)

[edit] Invalid Wikisource link?

"Wikisource has original works written by or about: Langston Hughes"

This link goes nowhere at the bottom of the page, is Wikisource not updated, or this article link invalid?

link appears to be dead. Removed it for the time being.TonyCrew 23:19, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

      Wikisource Link updated and activeTonyCrew 22:47, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

Added photograph of Hughes with Gwendolyn Brooks in 1949TonyCrew 22:47, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

[edit] Hughes in Film

Added to contribution left by previous contributor on the subject of Hughes being portrayed in film.TonyCrew 21:07, 4 November 2006 (UTC)

[edit] Reviews?

Hi, I noticed this article in the course of RC Patrols, and I've kept an eye on it because of the vandalism it gets. Overall the article seems to be a very well written bio of an intersting and influential man. Has anyone considered submitting this for Peer Review or Article Rating? Just a thought; keep up the good work Tony! --Doc Tropics ^{Message in a bottle} 21:47, 14 November 2006 (UTC)