Orders of magnitude (mass)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
To help compare different orders of magnitude, the following list describes various mass levels between 3.6×10−36 kg and 1.6×1060 kg.
| Factor (kg) | Value | Item |
|---|---|---|
| 10−36 | 3.6×10−36 kg | Electron neutrino, upper limit on mass (2 eV/c²) |
| 10−35 | ||
| 10−34 | ||
| 10−33 | ||
| 10−32 | ||
| 10−31 | 9.1×10−31 kg | Electron (511 keV/c²), the lightest elementary particle with a measured nonzero rest mass. |
| 10−30 | ||
| 10−29 | ||
| 10−28 | 1.9×10−28 kg | Muon (106 MeV/c²) |
| 10−27 yoctogram (yg) |
1.661×10−27 kg | Atomic mass unit (amu) or dalton (Da) |
| 1.673×10−27 kg | Proton (938.3 MeV/c²) | |
| 1.674×10−27 kg | Hydrogen atom, the lightest atom | |
| 1.675×10−27 kg | Neutron (939.6 MeV/c²) | |
| 10−26 | 1.15×10−26 kg | Lithium atom (6.941 amu) |
| 2.99×10−26 kg | Water molecule (18.015 amu) | |
| 7.95×10−26 kg | Titanium atom (47.867 amu) | |
| 10−25 | 1.79×10−25 kg | Silver atom (107.8682 amu) |
| 1.6×10−25 kg | Z boson (91.2 GeV/c²) | |
| 3.1×10−25 kg | Top quark (173 GeV/c²), the heaviest known elementary particle | |
| 3.2×10−25 kg | Caffeine molecule (194 amu) | |
| 3.45×10−25 kg | Lead-208 atom, the heaviest stable isotope known | |
| 10−24 zeptogram (zg) |
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| 10−23 | ||
| 10−22 | 1.1×10−22 kg | Haemoglobin A molecule |
| 10−21 attogram (ag) |
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| 10−20 | 10−20 kg | A small virus |
| 10−19 | ||
| 10−18 femtogram (fg) |
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| 10−17 | 1.1×10−17 kg | Mass equivalent of one joule |
| 4.6×10−17 kg | Mass equivalent of a calorie | |
| 10−16 | 7×10−16 kg | Escherichia coli bacterium |
| 10−15 picogram (pg) |
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| 10−14 | ||
| 10−13 | ||
| 10−12 nanogram (ng) |
10−12 kg | Average human cell (1 nanogram) |
| 10−11 | ||
| 10−10 | ||
| 10−9 microgram (µg) |
2×10−9 kg | Uncertainty in the mass of the prototype kilogram (2 micrograms) |
| 3×10−9 kg | Small grain of sand (0.063 mm diameter, 3 micrograms) | |
| 10−8 | 2.2×10−8 kg | Planck mass |
| 10−7 | ||
| 10−6 milligram (mg) |
1–2×10−6 kg | Typical mass of a mosquito (1–2 milligrams) |
| 10−5 centigram (cg) |
9×10−5 kg | Large grain of sand (2 mm diameter, 90 milligrams) |
| 10−4 decigram (dg) |
1.5×10−4 kg | Typical amount of caffeine in one cup of coffee (150 milligrams) |
| 2×10−4 kg | Metric carat (200 milligrams) | |
| 10−3 gram (g) |
10−3 kg | One cubic centimeter of water (1 gram) |
| 8×10−3 kg | Typical coins: euro (7.5 grams) and U.S. dollar (8.1 grams) | |
| 10−2 decagram (dag) |
1.2–4×10−2 kg | Adult mouse (Mus musculus, 12–40 grams) |
| 2.4×10−2 kg | Amount of ethanol in one drink (24 grams) | |
| 2.8×10−2 kg | Ounce (avoirdupois) (28.35 grams) | |
| 10−1 hectogram (hg) |
0.15 kg | Human kidney (150 grams) |
| 0.454 kg | Pound (avoirdupois) (454 grams) |
| Factor (kg) | Value | Item |
|---|---|---|
| 1 kg kilogram (kg) |
1 kg | One litre of water, approx. |
| 3 kg | Newborn human baby | |
| 4.0 kg | Women's shotput | |
| 5–7 kg | Housecat | |
| 7.3 kg | Men's shotput | |
| 101 | 10–30 kg | A CRT computer monitor or television set |
| 15–20 kg | Medium-sized dog | |
| 70 kg | Adult human; large dog | |
| 102 | 100 kg | Quintal (mainly U.S. - other countries have different definitions) |
| 180–250 kg | Mature lion, female (180 kg) and male (250 kg) | |
| 700 kg | Dairy cow | |
| 907 kg | Short ton (U.S.) | |
| 103 megagram (Mg) |
1000 kg | Metric ton/tonne; one cubic metre of water |
| 1016 kg | Ton (British) / 1 long ton (U.S.) | |
| 800–1600 kg | Typical passenger automobiles | |
| 3000–7000 kg | Adult elephant | |
| 104 | 1.1×104 kg | Hubble Space Telescope (11 tonnes) |
| 1.2×104 kg | Largest elephant on record (12 tonnes) | |
| 1.4×104 kg | Big Ben (Bell) (14 tonnes) | |
| 6.0×104 kg | Largest Meteorite, Hoba West Meteorite (60 tonnes) | |
| 8–10×104 kg | Largest known dinosaur, the Argentinosaurus (80–100 tonnes) | |
| 105 | 105 kg | Largest animal, the blue whale (100 tonnes) |
| 1.87×105 kg | International Space Station (187 tonnes) | |
| 6×105 kg | Antonov An-225 (the world's heaviest aircraft) maximum take-off mass (600 tonnes); payload: 250 tonnes | |
| 106 gigagram (Gg) |
1.5×106 kg | Individual gate of the Thames Barrier |
| 2.041×106 kg | Launch mass of the Space Shuttle (2041 tonnes) | |
| 107 | 1.1×107 kg | Annual production of Darjeeling tea (11,000 tonnes) |
| 2.6×107 kg | RMS Titanic (26,000 tonnes) | |
| 9.97×107 kg | Heaviest train ever (99,700 tonnes): Australia's BHP Iron Ore, 2001 record | |
| 108 | 6.5×108 kg | Largest ship, Knock Nevis, when fully loaded (650,000 tonnes) |
| 109 teragram (Tg) |
4.3×109 kg | Amount of matter converted into energy by the Sun each second |
| 6×109 kg | Great Pyramid of Giza | |
| 1010 | 6×1010 kg | Amount of concrete in the Three Gorges Dam, the world's largest concrete structure |
| 1011 | 2×1011 kg | Amount of water stored in London storage reservoirs (0.2 km³) |
| 3×1011 kg | Total mass of the human world population | |
| 1–8×1011 kg | Total biomass of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, thought to be the most plentiful creature on the planet | |
| 1012 petagram (Pg) |
3.91×1012 kg | World oil production in 2001 |
| 1013 | ||
| 1014 | 2–3×1014 kg | Amount of rock that exploded in the Mount Tambora volcanic eruption in 1815 |
| 1015 exagram (Eg) |
1×1015 kg | Estimated total world coal reserves economically accessible using current mining technology |
| 1016 | 1×1016 kg | 951 Gaspra, the first asteroid ever to be closely approached by a spacecraft |
| 1017 | 1.6×1017 kg | Prometheus (moon), a shepherd satellite for the inner edge of Saturn's F Ring. |
| 1018 zettagram (Zg) |
5×1018 kg | Earth's atmosphere |
| 5.7×1018 kg | Hyperion, a moon of Saturn | |
| 1019 | 3×1019 kg | 3 Juno, the fifth largest asteroid in the main Asteroid Belt |
| 1020 | 8.7×1020 kg | Ceres, the largest asteroid in the main Asteroid Belt (now officially a dwarf planet) |
| 1021 yottagram (Yg) |
1.35×1021 kg | Earth's oceans |
| 1.6×1021 kg | Charon, the moon of Pluto | |
| 2.3×1021 kg | Total mass of the Asteroid Belt | |
| 1022 | 1.2×1022 kg | Pluto |
| 7.35×1022 kg | Earth's Moon | |
| 1023 | 1.2×1023 kg | Titan, largest moon of Saturn |
| 1.5×1023 kg | Triton, largest moon of Neptune | |
| 1.5×1023 kg | Ganymede, largest moon of Jupiter | |
| 3.2×1023 kg | Mercury | |
| 6.4×1023 kg | Mars | |
| 1024 | 4.9×1024 kg | Venus |
| 6.0×1024 kg | The Earth | |
| 1025 | 3.0×1025 kg | Lowest estimate of the mass of the Oort cloud |
| 8.7×1025 kg | Uranus | |
| 1026 | 1.0×1026 kg | Neptune |
| 5.7×1026 kg | Saturn | |
| 6.0×1026 kg | Highest estimate of the mass of the Oort cloud | |
| 1027 | 1.9×1027 kg | Jupiter |
| 1028 | 1–17×1028 kg | Brown dwarf stars |
| 1029 | 3.4×1029 kg | Barnard's Star, a near red dwarf star |
| 1030 | 2×1030 kg | Sun; one solar mass |
| 2.9×1030 kg | Chandrasekhar limit (1.44 solar masses) | |
| 1031 | 4×1031 kg | Betelgeuse, a red supergiant star |
| 1032 | ||
| 1033 | ||
| 1034 | ||
| 1035 | ||
| 1036 | 2×1036 kg | The supermassive black hole at the center of our Galaxy, associated with the radio source Sagittarius A* |
| 1037 | ||
| 1038 | Typical mass of a globular cluster | |
| 1039 | ||
| 1040 | ||
| 1041 | 3.6×1041 kg | Visible mass of the Milky Way galaxy |
| 1042 | 2×1042 kg | Total mass of the Milky Way galaxy |
| 1043 | ||
| 1044 | ||
| 1045 | ||
| 1046 | 2×1046 kg | Virgo Supercluster |
| 1047 | ||
| 1048 | ||
| 1049 | ||
| 1050 | ||
| 1051 | ||
| 1052 | ||
| 1053 | ||
| 1054 | ||
| 1055 | ||
| 1056 | ||
| 1057 | ||
| 1058 | ||
| 1059 | ||
| 1060 | 1.6×1060 kg | the known Universe |
