Ted Hughes

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Ted Hughes
Leading British poet Ted Hughes
Born	August 17, 1930 Mytholmroyd, West Yorkshire
Died	October 28, 1998 Devon, England

Edward (Ted) James Hughes, OM, referred to normally as Ted Hughes, (August 17, 1930 – October 28, 1998) was an English poet and children's writer. Critics routinely rank him as one of the best poets of his generation. ^[1] Hughes was British Poet Laureate from 1984 until his death.

Ted Hughes was married from 1956-1963 to the American poet Sylvia Plath, who committed suicide in 1963 at the age of 30. His part in the relationship became controversial, particularly to some feminists and (particularly) US admirers of Plath, who even accused him of murder.^[2] Hughes himself never publicly entered the debate, but his last poetic work, Birthday Letters (1998), explored their complex relationship, and to many, put him in a significantly better light.

In 2003 he was portrayed by British actor Daniel Craig in Sylvia, a biographical film of Sylvia Plath.

Contents 1 Early life 2 Personal life 3 Writings 4 Bibliography 5 References 6 External links

[edit] Early life

Hughes was born on August 17, 1930 at number 1, Aspinal Street, in Mytholmroyd, West Yorkshire and raised among the farms in the area. According to Hughes, "My first six years shaped everything".^[3] When Hughes was seven, his family moved to Mexborough, South Yorkshire, where they ran a newspaper and tobacco shop. He also had a brother, Gerald, who was ten years older than him as well as a sister, Olwyn, who was two years older than him.

[edit] Personal life

Hughes studied English, anthropology and archaeology at Pembroke College, Cambridge. At this time his first published poetry appeared in the journal he started with fellow students, St. Botolph's Review, and at a party to launch the magazine he met Sylvia Plath. He married Plath on June 16, 1956. After a short time in London, they moved to Devon in 1961 (Court Green, North Tawton). They had two children, but separated in the autumn of 1962. Ted continued to live at Court Green on and off, with his lover Assia Wevill, after Plath's death. As Plath's widower, Hughes became the executor of Plath’s personal and literary estates. He oversaw the publication of her manuscripts, including Ariel (1966). He also destroyed the final volume of Plath’s journal, detailing their last few months together.

Six years after Plath's death, on March 25, 1969, Assia Wevill killed herself and their daughter, Alexandra Tatiana Eloise Wevill, nicknamed Shura, who had been born on March 3, 1965.

In August 1970, Hughes married Carol Orchard, a nurse. They remained together until his death on October 28, 1998. He received the Order of Merit from Queen Elizabeth II just before his death.

Ted Hughes continued to live at the house in Devon, until his death there of cancer in 1998. His funeral was held at North Tawton church, and he was cremated at Exeter, with the ashes scattered on Dartmoor, near Cranmoor Pool (by special Royal permission).

A memorial walk from the Devon village of Belstone to Hughes' memorial stone above the River Taw was inaugurated in 2005 on land belonging to the Duchy of Cornwall^[4]. The granite memorial is somewhat controversial locally - according to some sources, it was airlifted into place on the moors using Prince Charles' helicopter, an honour not afforded to any other Devon figure.^[5]

[edit] Writings

Hughes' earlier poetic work is rooted in nature and, in particular, the innocent savagery of animals (Tennyson's phrase "nature, red in tooth and claw" could have been written for Hughes). His later work is deeply reliant upon myth and the bardic tradition, heavily inflected with a modernist, existential and satirical viewpoint. Hughes' first collection, Hawk in the Rain (1957) attracted considerable critical acclaim. In 1959 he won the Galbraith prize which brought $5000. His most significant work is perhaps Crow (1970), which whilst it has been widely acclaimed also divided critics, combining an apocalyptic, bitter, cynical and surreal view of the universe with what appears to be simple, sometimes superficially, badly constructed verse. Tales from Ovid (1997) contains a selection of free verse translations from Ovid's Metamorphoses. In Birthday Letters, Hughes broke his silence on Plath, detailing aspects of their life together and his own behaviour at the time. The cover artwork was by their daughter Frieda.

In addition to poetry, Hughes wrote classical opera librettos and children's books. One of these, The Iron Man, was written to comfort his children after Sylvia Plath's suicide. It later became the basis of Pete Townshend's rock opera of the same name, and the animated film The Iron Giant. Hughes was appointed as Poet Laureate in 1984 following the death of John Betjeman. It was later known that Hughes was second choice for the appointment after Philip Larkin, the preferred nominee, declined, because of ill health and writer's block. Hughes served in this position until his death in 1998. His definitive 1333-page Collected Poems (Faber & Faber) appeared in 2003.

[edit] Bibliography

Poetry

• (1957) The Hawk in the Rain
• (1960) Lupercal
• (1967) Wodwo
• (1968) The Iron Man
• (1970) Crow
• (1977) Gaudete
• (1979) Moortown Diary
• (1979) Remains of Elmet (with photographs by Fay Godwin)
• (1986) Flowers and Insects
• (1989) Wolfwatching
• (1992) Rain-charm for the Duchy
• (1994) New Selected Poems 1957-1994
• (1997) Tales from Ovid
• (1998) Birthday Letters — winner of the 1998 Forward Poetry Prize for best collection.
• (2003) Collected Poems

Anthologies edited by Hughes

• Selected Poems of Emily Dickinson
• Selected Poems of Sylvia Plath
• Selected Verse of Shakespeare
• A Choice of Coleridge's Verse
• Oedipus by Seneca (translation)
• Spring Awakening by Wedekind (translation)
• Blood Wedding by Lorca (translation)
• Phedre by Racine (translation)
• Alcestis by Euripides (translation)
• The Rattle Bag (edited with Seamus Heaney)
• The School Bag (edited with Seamus Heaney)
• By Heart: 101 Poems to Remember
• The Mays

Prose

• A Dancer to God
• Shakespeare and the Goddess of Complete Being
• Winter Pollen: Occasional Prose
• Difficulties of a Bridegroom
• Poetry in the Making

Books for Children

• How the Whale Became
• Meet my Folks!
• The Earth Owl and Other Moon-people
• Nessie the Mannerless Monster
• The Coming of the Kings
• The Iron Man
• Moon Whales
• Season Songs
• Under the North Star
• Ffangs the Vampire Bat and the Kiss of Truth
• Tales of the Early World
• The Iron Woman
• The Dreamfighter and Other Creation Tales
• Collected Animal Poems: Vols. 1-4

[edit] References

1. ^ Daily Telegraph, April 2004 - Philip Hensher reviews Collected Works of Ted Hughes, plus other reviews
2. ^ Ted Hughes: A Talented Murderer: Guardian journalist Nadeem Azam, writing in 1Lit.com, 2006
3. ^ Ted Hughes: Timeline. Retrieved on 2006-08-22.
4. ^ BBC Devon - Ted Hughes Trail
5. ^ BBC Devon - Ted Hughes memorial

[edit] External links

• British Library - modern British Collections on Ted Hughes
• Ted Hughes website with bibliography, biographical information, essays etc
• Ted Hughes homepage by Ann Skea
• Biography of Ted Hughes

Preceded by: John Betjeman

British Poet Laureate 1984–1998

Succeeded by: Andrew Motion