The Encyclopedia of Fantasy
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The Encyclopedia of Fantasy is a reference work on fantasy, edited by John Clute and John Grant. Other contributors include Mike Ashley, Neil Gaiman, Diana Wynne Jones, David Langford, Sam J. Lundwall, Michael Scott Rohan, Brian Stableford and Lisa Tuttle.
The Encyclopedia was published in 1997 in a format matching the 1993 edition of The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction. It is slightly smaller, containing 1,049 alphabetical pages, over 4,000 entries and approximately one million words, the bulk of which were written by Clute, Grant and Ashley. A later CD-ROM edition contains numerous revisions.
The Encyclopedia uses a similar system of categorization to The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction, but does not include an index of theme entries. One of the major differences is that there are no entries related to publishing.
The Encyclopedia often invents new terms for theme entries, rather than using headings that have previously appeared in critical literature. Examples include:
- Instauration Fantasy: a story concerning the restoration of past glories.
- Thinning: the gradual loss or decay of magic or vitality.
- Wainscots: secret societies hiding from the mainstream of society, as in Mary Norton's The Borrowers.
- Water Margins: shifting or ill-defined boundaries, used as both a physical description and a metaphor; derived from the Japanese television adaptation of The Water Margin.
- Polder: defined as "enclaves of toughened reality demarcated by boundaries" that are entered by crossing a threshold.
- Crosshatch: A situation where the demarcation line between two realities is blurred and "two or more worlds may simultaneously inhabit the same territory"--such as in William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream.
- Taproot texts: examples of fantasy literature that predates the emergence of fantasy as a genre in the late 18th century, such as Shakespeare's The Tempest.
- Pariah elite: a marginalized but uniquely talented or knowledgable minority.
- Into the woods: the process of transformation or passage into a new world signaled by entering woods or forests, a phrase apparently based on the title of the Stephen Sondheim show).
- Wrongness: the growing awareness that something is "wrong" in the world, such as when the Hobbits first glimpse the Nazgûl in The Lord of the Rings.
Some of this new critical vocabulary has been subsequently adopted in academic usage.
