Tuvans
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Tuvans | |
|---|---|
| Total population | over 220,000 ? |
| Regions with significant populations | Russia (200,000), Mongolia (20,000), China |
| Language | Russian, Tuvan |
| Religion | Tibetan Buddhism ("Lamaism"), Shamanism |
| Related ethnic groups | other Turkic peoples |
Tuvans (or Tuvinians) are a group of Turkic people who make up about two thirds of the population of Tuva. They were formerly known as Uriankhai (Uryankhai, Uryanhai, Urianhai, 烏梁海 Wūliánghǎi), the name given by Mongols. The Mongolian exonym for these people is cognate with the Korean word 오랑캐 Orangkhae, which the Koreans have historically used rather indiscriminately to refer to all sorts of supposedly primitive barbarians resident to the north of Korea.
There are two major groups of Tuvans in Tuva: Western Tuvans and Tuvans-Todzhins (Тувинцы-тоджинцы). The latter ones live in Todzhinsky District, Tuva Republic and constitute about 5% of all Tuvans.
The Tuvan language belongs to the Northern or Siberian branch of the Turkic language family. Four dialects are recognized: Central, Western, Southeastern and Northeastern (Todzhinian). The written language is based on the Cyrillic alphabet.
The traditional religion of Tuvans is animism (shamanism), which is still widely practiced alongside Tibetan Buddhism.
A noticeable proportion of Tuvans lives in diaspora in Mongolia, the largest group being Tsengel Tuvans (Altai Tuvans), around 1,500, that live in Tsengel. Tuvans in China, who live mostly in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region are included under the Mongol nationality.
A people similar to Tuvans live in Okinsky District of Buryatia (self-naming: Soyots (сойоты), sometimes referred to as Okinsky Tuvans).
- See also: List of Tuvans
[edit] Relationship to indigenous people of the Americas
According to Ilya Zakharov of Moscow's Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, genetic evidence suggests that the modern Tuvan people are the closest genetic relatives to the native peoples of North and South America. This hypothesis is further supported by many religious, cultural, and linguistic similarities between the two population groups. [1]
[edit] References
- Mongush, M. V. "Tuvans of Mongolia and China." International Journal of Central Asian Studies, 1 (1996), 225-243. Talat Tekin, ed. Seoul: Inst. of Asian Culture & Development.
