अरुणाचल प्रदेश

From विकिपीडिया

अरुणाचल प्रदेश

असम से विभाजन	२० फरवरी १९८७
भाषा	आदि, निशि, मोनपा
राजधानी	ईटानगर
राज्यपाल	विनोदचंद्र पांडे
मुख्यमंत्री	गेगोंग अपांग
क्षेत्रफल	८३,७४३ वर्ग कि.मी.
जनसँख्या - कुल (२००१) - घनत्व	१,०९१,११७ १३/कि.मी.
साक्षरता:	५४.७४%
कालिंग कोड	९१ ४०

अरुणाचल प्रदेश भारत का एक उत्तर पूर्वी राज्य है. पहले इसे नेफा NEFA (North East Frontier Agency), कहा जाता था तथा यह असम राज्य का हिस्सा था जो १९८७ में अलग हुआ. इसकी राजधानी ईटानगर है.

[बदलें] भूगोल

कुछ हिस्सों जैसे लोहित, चांगलांगऔर तिरप को छोड़कर अरुणाचल का ज्यादतर हिस्सा हिमालय का पर्वतीय क्षेत्र है.

[बदलें] जलवायु

अरुणाचल प्रदेश का मौसम उन्नयन के साथ बदलत है। अधिक ऊंचाई वाले क्षेत्र जैसे ऊपरी हिमालय स्थित तिब्बत के निकट-वर्ती क्षेत्रों में मौसम अल्पाइन या तुन्द्रा प्रकार का होता है। मध्य हिमालय क्षेत्रों में मौसम समशीतोष्ण होता है और यहॉं सेब, संतरा, आदि के फलदार वृक्ष होते हैं। निचले हिमालयी क्षेत्रों में नम उप - उष्णदेशीया मौसम पाया जाता है।

The state receives heavy rainfall of 80 to 160 inches (2,000 to 4,000 mm) annually, most of it falling between May and September. The mountain slopes and hills are covered with alpine, temperate, and subtropical forests of dwarf rhododendron, oak, pine, maple, fir, and juniper; sal (Shorea) and teak are the main economic species. xxxx

[बदलें] निवासी

Generally, most of the Arunachalis belong to 20 major-collective tribes and 82 tribes. The main religion, Donyi-Polo, is widely followed by the Arunachali, although other religions like Buddhism and Hinduism are also followed as well. Christianity has made some recent inroads as well.

[बदलें] अर्थ जगत

Most of its people got its economy from agriculture. Jhum, the local word for shifting cultivation, is widely practised among the tribal groups. The forest-products are the next source of economy. Among the crops grown here are rice, maize, millet, wheat, pulses, sugarcane and oilseeds. Arunachal is also ideal for horticulture and fruits. They are grown in orchards.

Its major industries are sawmills, plywood, rice mills, fruit preservation units and handloom handicrafts.

[बदलें] राजनीति

The state of Arunachal Pradesh has four political parties, namely:

अरुणाचल कांग्रेस
अरुणाचल कांग्रेस(मेइते)
कांग्रेस (दोलो)
पिपुल्स पार्टी आफ़ अरुणाचल

[बदलें] इतिहास

Traditionally, the disputed Himalayan region of Arunachal Pradesh came under loose control of Tibet, and the remaining parts of the state, especially those bordering Myanmar, came under the control of the Ahom and the Assamese until the annexation of India by the British in 1858.

In 1913-14, the British adventurer, Sir Henry McMahon, implented the 550-mile McMahon Line in Shimla. This was later unapproved by the Chinese government in 1947, saying that the claim was never approved and a map belonging to Encyclopedia Britannica in 1929 showing the Indo-Chinese border streching right up to the border of the Assamese plains. Following this dispute, the Chinese troops crossed the McMahon Line on the August 26, 1959, and captured an Indian outpost at Longju, a few miles south of the line. They abandoned this in 1961 but in October 1962 crossed the line once again, this time by force. After striking toward the Tanglha ridge and Tawang, which is near the Bhutan border, the Chinese later extended their attack across the whole frontier. Deep inroads were made at a number of points. However, due to external pressures that developed in the meantime, the Chinese agreed to withdraw back to the McMahon Line and returned Indian prisoners of war in 1963.

Following that, the entire area changed its name from North East Frontier Agency and became part of Assam. Arunachal Pradesh gained statehood in 1987 after taking into consideration the security consideration in the east and Sino-Indian tensions.