Aspirator
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An aspirator, also called an ejector, is a device that produces vacuum by means of the Venturi effect. In an aspirator, fluid (liquid or gaseous) flows through a tube which then narrows. When the tube narrows, the fluid's speed increases, and because of the Venturi effect, its pressure decreases. Vacuum is taken from this point.
The cheap and simple water aspirator is the most common type of aspirator. It is used in chemistry and biology laboratories and consists of a tee fitting which is attached to a faucet and has a hose barb at one side. The flow of water passes through the straight portion of the tee, which has a restriction at the intersection, where the hose barb is attached. The vacuum hose should be connected to this barb.
If a liquid is used as the working fluid, the strength of the vacuum produced is limited by the vapor pressure of the liquid (for water, 24 mmHg at 25 degrees Celsius.) If a gas is used, however, this restriction does not exist. The industrial steam ejector (also called the steam jet ejector, steam aspirator, or steam jet aspirator) uses steam as a working fluid. In order to avoid using too much steam, a single steam ejector stage is generally not used to generate vacuum below approximately 75 mmHg.[1] To generate higher vacuum, multiple stages are used; in a two-stage steam ejector, for example, the second stage provides vacuum for the waste steam output by the first stage. Condensers may be used between stages to reduce the load on the later stages. Steam ejectors with two, three, four, five and six stages may be used to produce vacuums down to 20 mmHg, 2.5 mmHg, 0.3 mmHg, 0.03 mmHg, and 0.003 mmHg, respectively.[1]
The air ejector or venturi pump is similar to the steam ejector but uses high-pressure air as the working fluid. Multistage air ejectors can be used, but since air cannot easily be condensed at room temperature, an air ejector is usually limited to two or three stages.[2]
[edit] References
- ^ a b High Vacuum Pumping Equipment, B. D. Power, New York: Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 1966, chapter 4.
- ^ Air Ejectors Cheaper Than Steam
[edit] See also
- Steam injector
- Diffusion pump
- Vacuum pump
- Steam Ejector
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