Backslash
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Punctuation |
|---|
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apostrophe ( ', ’ ) |
| Interword separation |
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spaces ( ) ( ) ( ) |
| General typography |
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ampersand ( & ) |
| Uncommon typography |
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asterism ( ⁂ ) |
First introduced in 1960 by Bob Bemer, the backslash, \, is a typographical mark (glyph) used chiefly in computing. Sometimes called a reverse solidus, it is the mirror image of the common slash or solidus. It is also known as a slosh, according to the Macquarie dictionary (3rd edition). In colloquial speech, it is sometimes pronounced wack.
On Unix systems, and in Unix-affiliated programming languages such as C and Perl, the backslash is used to indicate that the character following it should be treated specially. It is sometimes referred to as the escape character, though this risks confusion with the character generated by the Esc key. In various regular expression languages it acts as a switch, changing literal characters into metacharacters and vice versa. The backslash is used similiarly in the TeX typesetting system and in RTF files to begin markup tags.
In the context of line-oriented text, especially source code for some programming languages, it is often used at the end of a line to indicate that the trailing newline character should be ignored, so that the following line is treated as if it were part of the current line. In this context it may be called a "continuation".
On DOS and Microsoft Windows computer systems, the backslash is used as a delimiter for directory names in file paths and intranet addresses. This is in contrast to Unix and other directory systems such as Internet addresses, which use the forward slash for this purpose. In an early version of DOS, which did not support directories and thus had no need for a path delimiter, the forward slash was used to introduce command-line options. (In Unix, the hyphen ["-"] is used for this purpose.) Thus, when directories were introduced to DOS, another character had to be chosen as the delimiter, and the backslash was selected.
This association with computing might explain why the forward slashes in URLs are occasionally (and erroneously) read as backslashes.
The backslash's prominence in Microsoft Windows' directory names has even led to its erroneous placement in contexts not relating to directories, or computers at all, for that matter. For example, people might write about an "African\American ancestry".
In the Japanese ISO 646 encoding (a 7-bit code based on ASCII), the code point that would be used for backslash in ASCII is instead a yen mark (¥), while on Korean computer keyboards, the backslash corresponds to the won symbol (₩ or W). Many Japanese environments nonetheless treat it like a backslash, causing confusion. To add to the confusion, some fonts, like MS Mincho, render the backslash character as a ¥, so the Unicode characters 00A5 (¥) and 005C (\) look almost identical when these fonts are selected.
In mathematics, a backslash-like symbol is used for the set difference.
