Boletales
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 Boletus edulis
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Boletaceae |
Boletes, the best known members of the order Boletales are mushrooms characterized by holding their spores in a spongy mass of vertical tubes (pores) on the underside of the mushroom, instead of on gills (as are found in agarics). Boletes belong to the botanical families Boletaceae, Gyroporaceae and Boletinellaceae the latter small groups previously not having been separated.
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[edit] Taxonomy
The order also includes some gilled mushrooms (such as species of Paxillus,Gomphidius and the False chanterelle (Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca)) which have the same flesh texture as the Boletes, spore-bearing tissue which is also easily separable from the cap, and similar microscopic characteristics of spores and cystidia. Molecular phlyogeny has moved several other physically dissimilar species into Boletales, including the earthballs.
New research shows the Pisolithaceae, Astracaeae, the Calostomataceae, the Sclerodermataceae, Boletinellaceae and Gyroporaceae appear to form a discrete group within the Boletales. Thus the 'boletes' of Gyrodon and Phlebopus are more closely related to earthballs of Sclerodermataceae than Boletaceae[1].
[edit] Related groups
The polypores (order Polyporales) are similar to Boletales in that their spore-bearing structures consist of a layer of vertical tubes. However their flesh generally has a much tougher consistency and they are not closely related taxonomically.
[edit] Footnotes
- ^ Binder M & Bresinsky A. (2002): Derivation of polymorphic lineage of Gasteromycetes from boletoid ancestors. Mycologia 94(1), 85-98
