Boxing Day
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| Boxing Day | |
|---|---|
| Observed by | Commonwealth countries |
| Type | International, Commonwealth countries |
| Date | The first weekday after Christmas Day |
| Related to | St Stephen's Day |
Boxing Day refers to both the day after Christmas, December 26th, and the Public Holiday which follows Christmas Day, should the 26th fall on a weekend.[1][2]
Contents |
[edit] Origins
There is great dispute over the true origins of Boxing Day. The more common stories include:
- In feudal times, Christmas was a reason for a gathering of extended families. All the serfs would gather their families in the manor of their lord, which made it easier for the lord of the estate to hand out annual stipends to the serfs. After all the Christmas parties on December 26th, the lord of the estate would give practical goods such as cloth, grains, and tools to the serfs who lived on his land. Each family would get a box full of such goods the day after Christmas. Under this explanation, there was nothing voluntary about this transaction; the lord of the manor was obliged to supply these goods. Because of the boxes being given out, the day was called Boxing Day.
- In Britain many years ago, it was common practice for the servants to carry boxes to their employers when they arrived for their day's work on the day after Christmas. Their employers would then put coins in the boxes as special end-of-year gifts. This can be compared with the modern day concept of Christmas bonuses. The servants carried boxes for the coins, hence the name Boxing Day.
- In churches, it was traditional to open the church's donation box on Christmas Day, and the money in the donation box was to be distributed to the poorer or lower class citizens on the next day. In this case, the "box" in "Boxing Day" comes from that one gigantic lockbox in which the donations were left.
- In Britain because many servants had to work for their employers on Christmas Day they would instead open their presents (i.e., boxes) the next day, which therefore became known as Boxing Day.
- Boxing Day was the day when the wren, the king of birds, was captured and put in a box and introduced to each household in the village when he would be asked for a successful year and a good harvest. See Frazer's Golden Bough.
- Evidence can also be found in Wassail songs such as:
- Where are you going ? said Milder to Malder,
- Oh where are you going ? said Fessel to Foe,
- I'm going to hunt the cutty wren said Milder to Malder,
- I'm going to hunt the cutty wren said John the Rednose.
- And what will you do wi' it ? said Milder to Malder,
- And what will you do wi' it ? said Fessel to Foe,
- I'll put it in a box said Milder to Malder,
- I'll put it in a box said John the Rednose.
- etc.
[edit] Date of Boxing Day
In common usage, when 26 December falls on a Sunday, this is now referred to as Boxing Day[3] despite Boxing Day officially occurring on the 27 December[4][5][6]. From 1954 to 1993 in the United Kingdom, when 26 December was a Sunday it was referred to as Christmas Sunday, and "Boxing Day" in popular usage referred to the 27th, but this practice had fallen out of use by the time of the next occurrence in 1999.
In some Commonwealth countries, fixed-date holidays falling on Saturday or Sunday are often observed on the next weekday, so if Boxing Day falls on a Saturday then Monday 28th December is a public holiday; in the UK and other countries this is accomplished by Royal Proclamation.
If Christmas Day falls on a Saturday itself then the Boxing Day holiday is automatically on the following Monday, and no Royal Proclamation is required. In such a circumstance, a 'substitute bank holiday in lieu of Christmas Day' is declared for Tuesday 28th December, this being the next available working day - thus the Boxing Day holiday occurs before the substitute Christmas holiday.
Although the same legislation (Bank Holidays Act 1871) originally established the Bank Holidays throughout the British Isles, the holiday after Christmas was defined as Boxing Day in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and St Stephen's Day for The Republic Of Ireland (and now by a few people in Northern Ireland). St Stephen's Day is fixed as the 26 December.[7]
[edit] Gwyl San Steffan (St. Stephen's Day, Boxing Day: Dec. 26th)
As in most of the rest of the British Isles, the day after Christmas Day was always most significant in the day-to-day events of Wales. Some activities that took place on this day seem peculiarly Welsh, including that of "holly-beating" or "holming." In this, it was customary for young men and boys to slash the unprotected arms of female domestic servants with holly branches until they bled. In some areas it was the legs that were beaten. In others, it was the custom for the last person to get out of bed in the morning to be beaten with sprigs of holly and made to carry out all the commands of his family. On many farms, horses and other animals were bled in a custom that was thought to be good for the animals' health, even increasing their stamina! Luckily for the livestock, and for the young women of the neighborhood who earned their keep as domestics, not to mention those who stayed in bed of a morning, these customs died out before the end of the 19th century.
[edit] Commonwealth observance
Boxing Day in the UK is traditionally a day for sporting activity, originally fox hunting, but in modern times football and horse racing.
In Canada, and indeed any other country that celebrates it, Boxing Day (in French, lendemain de Noël, "day after Christmas") is also observed as a public holiday, and is a day when stores sell their excess Christmas inventory at significantly reduced prices. Boxing Day has become so important for retailers that they often extend it into a "Boxing Week". This occurs similarly in Australia and New Zealand.
In Australia, a test match starting on December 26th is called the Boxing Day Test Match, and is played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground before the largest crowd of the summer.
[edit] European observance
Boxing Day is a holiday of peculiarly British origin, but in most years it falls on the same day as the Feast of St. Stephen (St. Stephen's Day - 26th December).
In Austria, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands, Norway, Iceland, Poland and Sweden, the 26th is known as the Second day of Christmas ("der zweite Weihnachtsfeiertag" in Germany, Annandag Jul — "the day after Christmas" — in Sweden, "Tweede Kerstdag" — "Second Christmasday" — in the Netherlands, "Andre Juledag" - "Second Christmasday" - in Norway.) and is also a public holiday.
In Ireland, the 26th December is known as St Stephen's Day, or Wren's Day; in Austria it is called Stefanitag,in Italy Santo Stefano, and in Finland tapaninpäivä which also mean "St. Stephen's Day"; in Wales, it is known as Gŵyl San Steffan (St. Stephen's Holiday). In Catalonia, this day is known as Sant Esteve, Catalan for St. Stephen. A practice known as Hunt the Wren is still practiced by some in the Isle of Man, where people thrash out wrens from hedgerows. Traditionally they were killed and their feathers presented to households for good luck. In Ireland, children used to kill a wren, then take its body from door-to-door, begging for money which they would use (supposedly) to pay for the bird's funeral. In Germany the days between Christmas and new year are called "the days between the years" (zwischen den Jahren) and becoming more and more important for retailers to clear the unsold Christmas goods.
[edit] Canadian observance
In Canada, Boxing Day is observed as a holiday, except for those in the retail business. Boxing Day and the days immediately following are when many retail stores sell their Christmas and retired model products by holding clearance sales. Some shoppers will line up for hours at night (sometimes before midnight and after midnight on December 26th) for retailers to open their doors. Retailers often open their stores earlier than usual, such as 6 or 7 am. Some retail companies internally refer to the sales week after Christmas as the "thirteenth month." (See Boxing Week.)
Boxing Day 2005 was the single largest economic transaction day ever in the history of Canadian commerce (according to Visa).
[edit] Events on Boxing Day
- Boxing Day Test (Test Match cricket)
- Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race
- English and Scottish Football matches
- Junkanoo is celebrated in The Commonwealth of The Bahamas
[edit] Trivia
In the #1009 episode of M*A*S*H, "'Twas the Day After Christmas", they celebrate Boxing Day by having the officers switch roles with the enlisted personnel.
[edit] References
- ^ American Heritage Dictionary, Fourth Edition - 'Boxing Day'
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary - 'Boxing Day'
- ^ BBC Radio 4 schedule, December 26 2004
- ^ Bank Holidays Act 1871 (UK and Republic of Ireland)
- ^ Banks and Bank Holidays Act (NSW) 1912 - Fourth Schedule
- ^ Holidays Act (Qld) 1983
- ^ DTI information on Bank and public holidays in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Note that only a 'substitute Bank Holiday in lieu of 26th December' is only possible in Northern Ireland, reflecting the legal difference in that St Stephen's Day does not automatically shift to the Monday in the same way as Boxing Day.
[edit] External links
- Snopes: The Origins of Boxing Day
- Boxing Day: A Bafflingly Mysterious Enigma Puzzle - Humorous fictional speculation on Boxing Day's origins.
