Charlotte, Princess Royal
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Queen Charlotte of Württemberg, (born The Princess Charlotte, later The Princess Royal) (Charlotte Augusta Matilda), (29 September 1766-5 October 1828) was a member of the British Royal Family, the eldest daughter of King George III. She was later the Queen consort of Frederick I of Württemberg. Charlotte was the third holder of the title Princess Royal.
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[edit] Early life
Princess Charlotte was born on September 29, 1766 at Buckingham Palace, London. Her father was the reigning British monarch, King George III. Her mother was Queen Charlotte (née Duchess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz).
As the daughter of the British monarch, Charlotte was styled HRH The Princess Charlotte at birth. She was styled HRH The Princess Royal from October 1766 and officially designated as such on 22 June 1789. Like her siblings, the Princess Royal was educated by tutors and spent most her childhood at Buckingham Palace, Kew Palace, and Windsor Castle.
[edit] Marriage
On 18 May 1797, the Princess Royal was married at the Chapel Royal, St. James's Palace, London to The Hereditary Prince Frederick of Württemberg, the eldest son and heir apparent of Duke Frederick II Eugene of Württemberg and his wife, Margravine Sophia Dorothea of Brandenburg-Schwedt.
The younger Frederick succeeded his father as the reigning Duke of Württemberg on 22 December 1797. Duke Frederick II had two sons and two daughters by his first marriage to the late Princess Augusta (3 December 1764-27 September 1788), the daughter of Duke Karl II of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and Princess Augusta Charlotte of Wales (the elder sister of King George III) and the younger sister of Caroline of Brunswick, the estranged wife of the future King George IV (then the Prince of Wales). The marriage between Duke Frederick and the Princess Royal produced one child: a stillborn daughter on 27 April 1798.
[edit] Württemberg
In 1800, the French army occupied Württemberg and the Duke and Duchess fled to Vienna. The following year, Duke Frederick concluded a private treaty ceding Montbeliard to France and receiving Ellwanger in exchange two years later. He assumed the title Elector of Württemberg on 25 February 1803. In exchange for providing France with a large auxiliary force, Napoleon recognized the Elector as King of Württemberg on 26 December 1805. Electress Charlotte became Queen when her husband formally ascended the throne on January 1, 1806 and was crowned as such on the same day at Stuttgart, Germany. Württemberg seceded from the Holy Roman Empire and joined Napleon's short-lived Confederation of the Rhine. However, the new elevated king's alliance with France technically made him the enemy of his father-in-law, King George III. Queen Charlotte, incensed by her son-in-law's assumption of the title and his role of one of Napoleon's most devoted vassals, refused to address her daughter as "Queen of Württemberg" in correspondence. In 1813, King Frederick changed sides and went over the Allies, where his status as the brother-in-law of the Prince Regent (later George IV) helped his standing. After the fall of Napoleon, he attended the Congress of Vienna and was confirmed as King. He died in October 1816.
[edit] Dowager Queen
The Dowager Queen of Württemberg continued to live at the Ludwigsburg Palace, Stuttgart and received visits from her younger siblings, the Duke of Kent, the Duke of Sussex, the Duke of Cambridge, the Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg (née Princess Elizabeth of Great Britain), and Princess Augusta of Great Britain. She was a godmother (by proxy) at the christening of her niece, Princess Victoria of Kent (the future Queen Victoria), in 1819. In 1827, she returned to Britain for the first time since her wedding in 1797 in order to have surgery for dropsy. She died at Ludwigsburg Palace the following year and is buried there in the royal vault.
[edit] Titles, Styles, Honours & Arms
[edit] Titles
- 1766-1789: Her Royal Highness The Princess Charlotte
- 1789-1797: Her Royal Highness The Princess Royal
- 1797: Her Royal Highness Duchess Frederick of Württemberg
- 1797-1803: Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Württemberg
- 1803-1806: Her Royal Highness The Electress of Württemberg
- 1806-1816: Her Majesty The Queen of Württemberg
- 1816-1828: Her Majesty Queen Dowager Charlotte of Württemberg
| Princess Royal dates they were Princess Royal in brackets |
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Mary Stuart (1642-1660) | Anne of Orange (1727-1759) | Charlotte (1766-1828) |
