Colony and Dominion of Virginia
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The Colony of Virginia was the English colony in North America that existed briefly during the 16th century, and then continuously from 1607 until the American Revolution. The colony then became the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1776, one of the original thirteen states of the United States.
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[edit] History
The name "Virginia" is the oldest designation for English lands in North America. At first, the term applied to the entire coast of North America initially claimed by France, from the 34th parallel (near Cape Fear) north to the 48th parallel, thus including all the shorelines of Acadia, and a large portion of inland Canada. The name can also refer to Virgin queen or Elizabeth I of England who ruled England during the time when the colony was established.
Although Francis I of France had elder claims to this land by Giovanni da Verrazzano (it was to be named Francesca), the French chose to settle the lands sighted by John Cabot and left this land to the English.[citation needed]
[edit] Settlement at Roanoke Island
The first English settlement was at Roanoke Island in 1587. Sir Walter Raleigh sent 150 people to the island of Roanoke (in present-day North Carolina) to settle. They did well and, as Sir Walter had to take care of some things in England, he left the colony with appointed leaders. When he returned several years later, the colonists had disappeared, but the houses there were intact. In fact, Sir Walter Raleigh never came to the New World. The 1587 colony was led by John White, who returned to England for supplies in 1587 and was forced to stay there because they were at war with Spain. He returned two years later only to find the colony abandoned.
[edit] Jamestown Settlement
A new charter for the settlement of the coast was granted to the London Company and Plymouth Company (the two branches of the Virginia Company) in 1606. The first settlements were at Jamestown Settlement in 1607 and at the Popham Colony in the present-day state of Maine. Of the two, only the Jamestown Settlement took root.
See article Jamestown for detailed history of that part of the colony.
In 1609, with the abandonment of the Plymouth Company settlement, the Virginia charter was adjusted to include the territory north of the 34th parallel and south of the 39th parallel, with its original coastal grant extended "from sea to sea". In that year, the flagship of the London Company, the Sea Venture, was driven onto the reefs of Bermuda, since known officially also as The Somers Isles (in commemoration of Admiral Sir George Somers), resulting in the Company's unintended settlement of that archipelago. The Company's possession of Bermuda was made official in 1612, when the third and final charter extended the boundaries of 'Virginia' far enough out to sea to encompass Bermuda, which was also known, for a time, as Virgineola. In 1620, the portion of Virginia north of the 39th parallel became known as New England.[citation needed]
In 1624, the Virginia Company's charter was revoked and the colony transferred to royal authority as a crown colony. The first slaves arrived at the colony in 1640.[citation needed]
Subsequent charters for the Maryland Colony in 1632 and the Carolina Colony in 1665 further reduced the Virginia Colony to coastal borders it held until the American Revolution.
[edit] Later history
Until 1763, the colony was bounded on the west by the Appalachian Mountains, which roughly marked the border with New France. After 1763, British territory was extended to the Mississippi River, resulting in extended claims by many of the original coastal colonies. Based on the 1609 "from sea to sea" charter, Virginia laid claim to all new land west of the Appalachians and north of the 36th parallel. This included the present day states of West Virginia and Kentucky, as well as all the land of the Northwest Territory. Most of this land was also claimed by other coastal colonies. Virginia organized the county of Illinois in 1779 to administer the Northwest Territory. It ceded its claim to the Northwest Territory in 1784. Kentucky was a county of Virginia until it separated and became a state in 1792. West Virginia separated in 1863.
[edit] Names and nicknames for Virginia
Charles II gave Virginia the title of "Old Dominion" in gratitude of Virginia's loyalty to the crown during the English Civil War; Virginia maintains "Old Dominion" as its state nickname. Another nickname is the "Mother of Presidents," since many of the past presidents were born in Virginia, such as Thomas Jefferson, who also wrote the first draft of the Declaration of Independence.
[edit] See also
- History of Virginia
- List of colonial governors of Virginia
- Lost counties, cities, and towns of Virginia
- Chesapeake Colonies
