Elpidio Quirino
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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6th President of the Philippines
2nd President of the 3rd Republic |
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| In office April 18, 1948[1] – December 30, 1953 |
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| Vice President(s) | Fernando Lopez (1949-1953) |
| Preceded by | Manuel Roxas |
| Succeeded by | Ramon Magsaysay |
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2nd Vice President of the Philippines
2nd Vice President of the Commonwealth 1st Vice President of the 3rd Republic |
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| In office May 28, 1946 – April 17, 1948 |
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| President | Manuel Roxas |
| Preceded by | None[2] |
| Succeeded by | None[3] |
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| Born | November 16, 1890 Vigan, Ilocos Sur |
| Died | February 29, 1956 Quezon City |
| Political party | Liberal Party |
| Religion | Roman Catholic |
| Signature |  |
Elpidio Rivera Quirino (November 16, 1890 – February 29, 1956) was the sixth President of the Philippines. He served from April 17, 1948 to December 30, 1953. Elpidio Quirino was a Roman Catholic and was the first president of Ilocano descent.
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[edit] Early life and career
Born in Vigan, Ilocos Sur to Mariano Quirino and Gregoria Rivera, a Spanish-mestiza, Quirino spent his early years in Aringay, La Union. He received secondary education at Vigan High School, then went to Manila where he worked as junior computer in the Bureau of Lands and as property clerk in the Manila police department. He graduated from Manila High School in 1911 and also passed the civil service examination, first-grade.
Quirino attended the University of the Philippines in 1915, earning his law degree and practicing law until he was elected as member of the Philippine House of Representatives from 1919 to 1925, then as senator from 1925 to 1931. He then served as secretary of finance and secretary of the interior in the Commonwealth government.
In 1934, Quirino was a member of the Philippine Independence mission to Washington D.C., headed by Manuel Quezon that secured the passage in the United States Congress of the Tydings-McDuffie Act. This legislation set the date for Philippine independence by 1945. Official declaration came on July 4, 1946.
During the Japanese invasion during World War II, he became a leader of the underground rebellion and was captured and imprisoned. He suffered the execution of his wife, Alicia Syquia, and three of his five children by the Japanese conquerors.
After the war, Quirino continued public service, becoming president pro tempore of the senate. In 1946, he was elected first vice president of the independent Republic of the Philippines, serving under Manuel Roxas. He also served as secretary of state.
[edit] Presidency
Quirino assumed the presidency on April 17, 1948, taking his oath of office two days after the death of Manuel Roxas. The next year, he was elected president on his own right for a four-year term as the candidate of the Liberal Party.
Quirino's administration faced a serious threat in the form of the communist Hukbalahap (Huk) movement. Though the Huks originally had been an anti-Japanese guerrilla army in Luzon, communists steadily gained control over the leadership, and when Quirino's negotiation with Huk commander Luis Taruc broke down in 1948, Taruc openly declared himself a Communist and called for the overthrow of the government.
His six years as president were marked by notable postwar reconstruction, general economic gains, and increased economic aid from the United States. Basic social problems, however, particularly in the rural areas, remained unsolved, and his administration was tainted by widespread graft and corruption.
Although ill, Quirino ran for re-election in 1953, but he was overwhelmingly defeated by Ramon Magsaysay.
[edit] Post-presidency
Following his failed bid for re-election, Quirino retired to private life in Quezon City, Manila. He died of a heart attack on February 29, 1956. His death anniversary is observed on February 28.
[edit] Relatives
TV host and fitness expert Cory Quirino is the granddaughter of Elpidio Quirino.
[edit] External links
[edit] Notes
- ^ Elected December 30, 1949
- ^ Congress did not appoint a Vice President after Osmeña assumed the Presidency from Quezon, as required by the 1935 Constitution
- ^ Congress did not appoint a Vice President after Quirino assumed the Presidency from Roxas, as required by the 1935 Constitution
[edit] References
- Zaide, Gregorio F. (1984). Philippine History and Government. National Bookstore Printing Press.
{{succession box | before= ?| title= [[Secretary of the Interior] | years= 1935–1938 | after= ?| }}
| Preceded by: Santiago Fonacier |
Senator 1925–1935 |
Succeeded by: abolished |
| Preceded by: restored |
Senator 1941–1946 |
Succeeded by: ? |
| Preceded by: restored |
Senate President Pro-tempore 1945–1946 |
Succeeded by: Melencio Arranz |
| Preceded by: Sergio Osmeña |
Vice President of the Philippines 1946–1948 |
Succeeded by: Fernando Lopez |
| Preceded by: Manuel Roxas |
President of the Philippines 1948–1953 |
Succeeded by: Ramon Magsaysay |
| Presidents of the Philippines - List |
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| Aguinaldo | Quezon | Osmeña | Laurel | Roxas | Quirino | Magsaysay Garcia | Macapagal | Marcos | Aquino | Ramos | Estrada | Arroyo |
| Vice Presidents of the Philippines |
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Trías | Osmeña | Quirino | Lopez | Garcia | Macapagal | Pelaez | Lopez | |
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| Presidential lists of order | Order of service | Birth | Death | Age at assumption | Longevity | Post-presidency length | Term length | |
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| Presidential personal life lists | First names | Middle names | Last names | Nicknames | College education | Province | Previous occupation | Religious affiliation | |
| Presidential professional life lists | Political affiliation | Political occupation | Inaugurations | Control of Congress | Served one term or less | Served more than one term | Currency appearances | |
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| Vice President lists | Order of service | Birth | Death | Term length | |
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| Succession | Line of succession | |
| Elections | Election results | |
| Candidates | Tickets | Former presidents who ran again | |
| Unsuccessful candidates | Tickets | |
Categories: 1890 births | 1956 deaths | Spanish-Filipinos | Filipino politicians | People from Ilocos Sur | Roman Catholic politicians | Filipino anti-communists | Presidents of the Philippines | Philippine presidential candidates | Senators of the Philippines | Vice Presidents of the Philippines | Paramilitary Filipinos | Filipino lawyers
