Ilyushin Il-76

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Ilyushin Il-76 (NATO reporting name: "Candid") is a 4-engined strategic airlifter in widespread use in eastern Europe, Asia and Africa. The aircraft was first conceived by Ilyushin in 1967 to meet a requirement for a freighter able to carry a payload of 40 tons (88,000 lb) over a range of 5,000 km (2,700 nautical miles (3,100 statute miles;) in less than six hours, able to operate from short and unprepared airstrips, and capable of coping with the worst weather conditions likely to be experienced in Siberia and the Soviet Union's arctic regions. The basic layout of the plane was similar to the U.S.-built Lockheed C-141 Starlifter, but the new design had a larger cargo hold area and more powerful engines to achieve the desired performance. It first flew on March 25, 1971, and is still in production in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

[edit] Domestic Variants

The basic Il-76 is the first production version and in widespread use by the VVS.

• Il-76T - ('T' for Transport, Транспортный) unarmed civil cargo transport version. NATO code-name Candid-A. It first flew on November 4, 1978.
• Il-76TD -
• Il-76TF - Civil transport version.
• Il-76D ('D' for Desantniy, Десантный - "for paratroopers") has a gun turret in the tail for defense purposes.
• Il-76DMP - Firefighting aircraft.
• SKIP (СКИП - Самолетный Контрольно-Измерительный Пункт, Airborne Check-Measure-and-Control Point) - Il-76/A-50 based aircraft initially built to support Kh-55 cruise missile tests.
• Il-76PP - Il-76MD-based radio jammer

The Il-76M(T/D) is another version, with more powerful engines, giving it a bigger payload capacity.

• Il-76M - Transport version.
• Il-76MD - Transport version.
• Il-76MF - Stretched military version.

The Il-76 waterbomber is a VAP-2 1.5 hour install/removal tanking kit conversion. The Il-76 can carry 11,000 U.S. gallons (41,600 liters) of water; three times the capacity of the C-130 Hercules.

According to Venik's Aviation pages online, in 2000, FEMA requested two Il-76 waterbombers to respond to Los Alamos area wildfires. Venik further reported this order was countermanded by the U.S. Forest Service.

On August 29, 2005, the day before the levees of New Orleans gave way to the forces of Hurricane Katrina, the Russian Federation offered humanitarian aid to the United States. Two (2) EMERCOM IL-76 aircraft landed at a disaster aid staging area at Little Rock, Arkansas September 8. This marks the first time Russia has flown such a mission to North America. A second Emergency Situations ministry IL-76 first-aid shipment, specially arranged with the U.S. leadership, departed Russia for Little Rock September 14.

India also used an IL-76 to deliver aid on September 13, 2005 for Katrina victims.

The Il-76 is also in use as an airborne tanker, otherwise known as a refueller (Il-78), and a waterbomber. Its airframe was used as a base for the AWACS aircraft:

• Beriev A-50 'Mainstay'

[edit] Foreign Variants

Foreign operators of Il-76 has adopted the airframe as the base their own AWACS and other modifications, and these included:

[edit] KJ-2000

Domestic Chinese AWACS conversion of Il-76 after the setback of the A-50I.

The current KJ-2000 AWACS in Chinese service is equipped with a domestic Active Electronically Scanned Array active phased array radar system similar to the Swedish Ericsson's Erieye radar. The radar is designed by the Research Institute of Electronic Technology (also more commonly known as the 14th Institute) at Nanjing, and it utilizes the experience gained from the 14th Institute's earlier indigenously developed Type H/LJG-346 SAPARS (Shipborne Active Phased Array Radar System) that was completed in 1998 (the same Type H/LJG-346 SAPARS was also the predecessor of the active phased array radar system onboard PLAN Lanzhou class destroyer). Chinese claim that the domestic radar is superior to the Israeli radar and it can track more targets at greater range. The radar is arranged in the same way as that of A-50I.

[edit] CFTE Engine Testbed

China Flight Test Establishment (CFTE) currently operates a flying testbed converted from a Russian-made Il-76MD jet transport aircraft to serve as a flying testbed for future engine development programmes. The first engine to be tested on the aircraft is the WS-10A “Taihang” turbofan, currently being developed as the powerplant for China’s indigenous J-10 and J-11 fighter aircraft. The #76456 Il-76MD, acquired by the AVIC 1 from Russia in the 1990s, is currently based at CFTE’s flight test facility at Yanliang, Shaanxi Province.

On June 3, 2006, a Chinese KJ-2000 crashed in Guangde County in the Anhui province, China. All 40 people onboard were killed. The Chinese official explanation was that the accident was due to heavy ice formation on the wings after the aircraft made repeated passes in and out clouds in bad weather. As a result, the Central Military Committee of the Communist Party of China announced on the investigation result on September 7, 2006 and in the same announcement, it was declared that nearly a dozen high ranking military officers were punished by either being demoted/removed from their posts or censured, including:

• Jiang Jianzen (江建曾), the deputy commander-in-chief of the Nanjing military region and the commander-in-chief of the air force of Nanjing military region, was censured.

• Wang Wei (王伟), the deputy commissar of the Nanjing military region and the commissar of the air force of Nanjing military region, (Not Wang Wei the pilot) was censured.

• Yue Liuan (岳留安) deputy minister of equipment of the air force was censured.

• Guo Chunguang (郭春广), the deputy chief-of-staff the air force of Nanjing military region was demoted.

• Zhang Guangjian (张广建) a regimental commander of the air force of Nanjing military region was removed from his post.

• At least an additional half a dozen military officers were also punished.

[edit] Accident

[edit] Adnan I

Iraqi development (with French assistance) with fibreglass-reinforced plastic radome over the antenna of the Thomson-CSF Tiger G surveillance radar with a maximum detection range of 189 nm (217.5 miles; 350 km). Nonoperational after the Gulf War.

[edit] Operators

[edit] Civil

In August 2006 a total of 255 Ilyushin Il-76 aircraft (all variants) remain in airline service. Major operators include: Libyan Arab Air Cargo (22), Click Airways (5), Atlant-Soyuz Airlines (6), Aviacon Zitotrans (5), Gromov Air (9), Silk Way Airlines (8), Tesis (9), Transavia Export (23), Turkmenistan Airlines (8), Ukrainian Cargo Airways (21), Uzbekistan Airways (14) and Volga-Dnepr (7). Some 57 other airlines operate smaller numbers of the type.^[1]

Operators have included: Aeroflot, Iraqi Airways, Libyan Arab Airlines, Syrian Arab Airlines, Reem Air, Volga-Dnepr, AirBridge Cargo Silk Way Airlines, UNHAS, Kosmas Air, Air Tomisko, Cubana.

[edit] Military

• Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, China, India, Iran, Iraq, Libya, North Korea, Russia, Syria, Ukraine, Jordan has also announced the purchase of 2 Il-76 aircraft.

[edit] Specifications (Il-76D)

General characteristics

• Crew: 5
• Capacity: 40,000 kg (IL-76), 48,000 kg (IL-76M/T), 50,000 kg IL-76MD/TD), 60,000 kg (IL-76MF/TF)
• Length: 46.59 m (152 ft 10 in)
• Wingspan: 50.5 m (165 ft 8 in)
• Height: 14.76 m (48 ft 5 in)
• Wing area: 300.0 m² (3,229.2 ft²)
• Empty weight: 72,000 kg (IL-76), 92,000 kg (IL-76MD/TD), 104,000 kg (IL-76MF/TF) (159,000 lb)
• Max takeoff weight: 157,000 kg (IL-76), 170,000 kg (IL-76M/T), 190,000 kg IL-76MD/TD), 210,000 kg (IL-76MF/TF) (346,000 lb (IL-76))
• Powerplant: 4× Soloviev D-30KP turbofans, 118 kN (26,500 lb_f)) each

Performance

• Maximum speed: 900 km/h (490 kt, 560 mph)
• Range: (with max payload) 3,650 km (IL-76), 4,000 km (IL-76M/T), 4,400 km (IL-76MD/TD), 4,200 km (IL-76MF/TF) (nm, mi)
• Service ceiling: 13,000 m (42,700 ft)
• Rate of climb: m/s (ft/min)
• Wing loading: 566.7 kg/m² (IL-76M/T), 633.3 kg/m² (IL-76MD/TD) (116.05 lb/ft² (IL-76M/T), 129.72 lb/ft² (IL-76MD/TD))
• Thrust/weight:
• minimal landing run: 450 m (with thrust reversal)

Armament

• Guns: 2× 23 mm cannon in radar-directed manned turret at base of tail

Some military models have 2 hardpoints under each outer wing capable of supporting 500 kg bombs.

[edit] References

1. ^ Flight International, 3-9 October 2006

[edit] External links

[edit] Il-76 Waterbomber controversy

• http://www.fire.uni-freiburg.de/media/2003/news_03172003_aus.htm
• http://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/3319268/detail.html
• http://www.luchtzak.be/article5040.html
• http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getpage.cgi?dbname=2005_record&page=H2530&position=all
• http://www.aeronautics.ru/nws002/los-alamos-01.htm

• http://www.fire.uni-freiburg.de/emergency/ger.htm
• http://www.osm.org/site/story/11182005arson

[edit] Related content

Related development

• Beriev A-50 'Mainstay'
• Ilyushin Il-78

Comparable aircraft

• C-141 Starlifter
• C-17 Globemaster

Designation sequence

• Il-46 - Il-54 - Il-62 - Il-76 - Il-78 - Il-80 - Il-82

Related lists

• List of airliners
• List of military transport aircraft