Inge Lehmann
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Inge Lehmann (May 13, 1888 – February 21, 1993), Fellow of the Royal Society (London) 1969, was a Danish seismologist who, in 1936, argued that the Earth must not only have a molten interior, but a solid core at the centre, which deflects P waves. She also wrote a book called P, which dealt with P waves and other aspects of seismography. She was awarded the Tagea Brandt Rejselegat twice, in 1938 and 1967. She is the only woman ever to be awarded the Bowie Medal of the American Geophysical Union, in 1971.
In 1997 the American Geophysical Union established the Inge Lehmann medal to honor "outstanding contributions to the understanding of the structure, composition, and dynamics of the Earth’s mantle and core."