John Maclean MA
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- For the Premier of British Columbia see John Duncan Maclean
John Maclean MA (24 August 1879- 30 November 1923) was a leftist Scottish politician. He was born in Glasgow, Scotland into a family of Highland origin from the Isle of Mull. Maclean became a school teacher and then attended the University of Glasgow, graduating with a Master of Arts degree (Maclean always used MA after his name when being published thereafter). Maclean is viewed as one of the leading figures of the Red Clydeside era.
Maclean became convinced that the living standards of the working-classes could only be improved by the adoption of Marxist thinking and he joined the Social Democratic Federation (SDF), and remained in the organisation as it formed the British Socialist Party. By the time of World War I his socialism was of a revolutionary nature, although he worked with others on the left who were more reformist in outlook, such as his friend James Maxton. He heavily opposed the war, as he felt it was a war of imperialism which divided workers from one another, as he explained in his letter to Forward (transcript).
His politics made him well known to the authorities of the day, and in 1915 he was sacked from his teaching post. As a consequence he became a full-time Marxist lecturer and organiser, educating other Glaswegian workers in Marxist theory. He would later found the Scottish Labour College.
During World War I he was active in anti-war circles and was imprisoned for his efforts in 1916, but was released in 1917 after left-wing demonstrations following the February Revolution in Russia. Maclean was made Soviet Consul in Scotland by Lenin in reward for his revolutionary socialist efforts.
As a revolutionary enemy of what he saw as an imperialist war, Maclean was fiercely opposed to the stance adopted by the leadership of the BSP around H. M. Hyndman. However he was not to be a part of the new leadership which replaced Hyndman in 1916.
As the BSP was the main constituent organisation which merged into the newly formed Communist Party of Great Britain, Maclean was alienated from the new party despite his support for the Communist International. He developed a belief that workers in Scotland could develop in a revolutionary direction more swiftly than their comrades in England and Wales, and attempted to found a Scottish Communist Party. This grouping renamed itself the Communist Labour Party and dropped Maclean's distinctive positions, so he left in disgust. He attempted to found a new Scottish Communist Party, without success. It seems that he may have become a member of the Socialist Labour Party at this time for a period.
It was around this time that Maclean become more nationalist in thought and he eventually formed the Scottish Workers Republican Party which combined Communism with a belief in Scottish independence.
Maclean's call for a Communist Republic of Scotland was based on the belief that traditional Scottish society was structured along the lines of "Celtic communism". He argued that "the communism of the clans must be re-established on a modern basis" and raised the slogan "back to communism and forward to communism"
When Maclean died, aged 44, his health broken by years of imprisonment, several thousand people lined the streets of Glasgow to see his funeral procession pass, such was the extent of his reputation by the time of his death.
He left a legacy that has subsequently been claimed by both the Scottish Nationalist and Labour movements, making him rare in this respect amongst Scotland's historical figures. The modern Scottish Socialist Party strongly lay claim to Maclean's political legacy, particularly the Scottish Republican Socialist Movement (a faction within the SSP).
John Maclean was known as "The Fighting Dominie".
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Strathclyde University Digital Library entry on John Maclean
- The John Maclean Archive, including articles, biography and photographs
- The John Maclean Internet Archive
- Biography at Radical Glasgow
- The Ballad of John MacLean by Matt McGinn
- Young, James D. John Maclean, Clydeside Socialist 1879-1923
- Pitt, Robert. John Maclean and the CPGB. July 1995. Published online by What Next? Marxist journal. Retrieved May 11, 2005.
[edit] Further reading
- Milton, Nan. John Maclean. Pluto Press Ltd. 1973. ISBN 0-902818-38-4.
- Ripley, Brian J.; John McHugh. John Maclean. Lives of the Left Series. Manchester Univ Press. December 1, 1989. ISBN 0-7190-2181-2.
- Sherry, Dave. "John Maclean". Bookmarks The socialist bookshop. London. 1998
- Young, James D. John Maclean: Clydeside Socialist. Clydeside Press 1992. ISBN 1-873586-10-8.
