Kaminsky catalyst
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A Kaminsky catalyst is a catalytic system for olefin polymerization discovered by Walter Kaminsky and coworkers in 1980. Kaminsky catalysts are based on metallocenes of group 4 transition metals with methylaluminoxane (MAO). These catalysts are a kind of Ziegler-Natta catalyst, but they are homogeneous and show extremely high activity for polymerization of olefins such as ethylene, propylene, and styrene. In addition, the use of chiral metallocenes that have bridged cyclopentadienyl rings has made possible highly stereospecific (or stereoregular) polymerization of α-olefins. For example, by using metallocene 1 for polymerization of propylene, atactic polypropylene is obtained, while C2 symmetric metallocene 2 and Cs symmetric metallocene 3 catalytic systems produce isotactic polymer and syndiotactic macromolecule, respectively.
Even today, Kaminsky catalysts are very attractive from the industrial, organometallic, and polymer science points of view, and they are studied to improve their activity and to achieve high tacticity and high molecular weight of the produced polymers.
