Naraka
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- This article is about Naraka, an otherworld whose inhabitants endure suffering. For the demigod in Hindu mythology, see Narakasura.
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Naraka is the name of a place of torment, in both Hinduism and Buddhism. The concept is different for each of these.
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[edit] In Hinduism
Naraka or Neraka in Hinduism, is compared to the Abrahamic concept of Hell. However, Naraka in Hinduism is not equivalent to Hell in Christian ideology. Naraka is only a purgatory where the soul gets purified of sin by sufferings, so Naraka and Purgatory are equivalent to Hamistagon of Zoroastrianism, and not Hell. In Hindu myth, there are many hells, and Yama, Lord of Justice, sends human beings after death for appropriate punishment. Such punishment can be in boiling oil, etc. Even Mukti-yogyas (souls eligible for mukti or moksha), and Nitya-samsarins (forever transmigrating ones in Dvaita theology) can experience Naraka for expiation. Cited from Bhakti Schools of Vedanta, by Swami Tapasyananda.
[edit] In Buddhism
Buddhist texts describe the terrible sufferings of beings in the many subterranean layers of Narakas in intricate if not always consistent detail.
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| Hinduism | Hindu mythology | Itihasa |  |
|---|---|
| Female Deities: Saraswati | Bhuma Devi Lakshmi | Parvati | Durga | Kali | Sita | Mariamman|Radha |Gayatri | more... | |
| Male Deities: Vishnu | Shiva | Brahma| Rama | Krishna | Ganesha | Kartikeya | Hanuman | Ayyappan | more... | |
| Texts: Vedas | Upanishads | Puranas | Ramayana | Mahabharata | |
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