New Imperial Motors Ltd
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New Imperial was founded by Norman Downes in Birmingham, between 1887 and 1901, and became New Imperial Motors Ltd in 1912, when serious production commenced. New Imperial made innovative motorcycles that employed unit construction and sprung heel frames long before they became commonplace, and were moderately successful in competition. The Twenties were a financially successful decade, enabling the innovations of the Thirties that fought decline.
New Imperial suffered financially from the sales destroying Great Depression of the Thirties, and then the founder died in 1938. New Imperial was sold, and sold again, and then ended production in late 1939, its former facilities subsequently serving the needs of a nation at war.
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[edit] Before World War One
The history of New Imperial, founded by Norman Downes, goes back to the early days of the bicycle industry in Birmingham. From 1887 New Imperial made bicycle fittings and, later, complete bicycles, [1]possibly after he bought the ailing bicycle business of Hearl and Tonks (founded 1892). [2]
It is also said that he created New Imperial in 1901, but no official record of the earliest company formation has been found. Official records do show the formation of a limited company in 1908 called the New Imperial Cycle Company.[3]
In 1901 New Imperial made their first motorcycle. The engine was mounted forward of the handlebars with a leather belt driving the front wheel. It failed to sell.[1] In 1910 a bike went into production using a 293-cc JAP engine.[2]
[edit] New Imperial Motors Ltd
In 1912 the registration of New Imperial Motors Ltd is recorded, [3] and they offered a range of three motorcycles. A New Imperial ridden by A S Jones in the 1913 Senior TT race was one of the 63 that failed to finish that year. (24 competitors finished.)
In 1914, the 300-cc New Imperial Light Tourist model appeared. Its light weight enabled it to outperform some of the heavier 500-cc bikes of its time. The Light Tourist was the beginning of a line of advanced and innovative motorcycles. [1] A New Imperial ridden by Hubert Le Vack in the 1914 Senior TT race was one of the 44 that failed to finish that year. (22 competitors finished.) He had a similar result in 1915.
New Imperial used Precision and JAP engines of 250 to 1000 cc in their motorcycles until 1925 after which they manufactured their own engines of 146 cc to 498 cc.[4] World War I came and went, and New Imperial continued production.
[edit] After World War One
New Imperial made sales boosting news with a win in the 250-cc class of the 1921 TT (rider Doug Prentice).[1] and [5] This was the first of six Lightweight class TT wins by New Imperial, and there was one Junior victory. [5]
By the mid-twenties New Imperial, with production of around 300 machines per month, was doing well, and continued to do so till the Great Depression of the Thirties. From 1926 they manufactured their own motors. In 1929 New Imperial production moved from the gun quarter in Princip Street to a 6 acre purpose built facility on Spring Road, at Hall Green.[3]
[edit] Unit Construction Engines
In 1932, New Imperial pioneered unit construction engines, where the engine crankcase and gearbox are incorporated in the same casting. They made a Unit Minor 150 and Unit Super 250. They continued to use unit-construction, and some of these used Bentley and Draper Sprung frames, in an era still dominated by rigid frames. By 1938 all of New Imperial engines employed unit construction. [2] In 1934 Ginger Woods, riding a New Imperial 500-cc V-twin for one hour, achieved a 102.2 mph (164.4 km/h) average at Brooklands.[6]
Bob Foster won the 1936 Lightweight TT handsomely on a unit-construction model which was the last time that Great Britain ever won a Lightweight TT.[1] Despite the advanced engineering, and the spectacular TT win by Bob Foster, sales did not improve.
[edit] The Final Year
In 1938 Norman Downes died. New Imperial went into liquidation, and a receiver was appointed by Lloyds Bank on 7 November, 1938. The receiver advertised the sale of New Imperial on 18 November.
[edit] Jack Sangster
Jack Sangster, of Ariel and Triumph, announced on 30 December that he had purchased New Imperial and that production would continue, and on 27 January 1939, production resumed.
[edit] Solomon Joseph
Within a week there were rumours that the company was already being sold to Solomon Joseph, owner of Clifford Covering and Motor Components. The sale was confirmed on 10 February, and production continued. Following the start of World War II, on 22 September 1939 all spare parts were sold to the Colliers, of AMC, who then appointed New Imperial spares dealers.
[edit] Clifford Aero & Auto Ltd
Board of Trade records show New Imperial Ltd officially changed their name to Clifford Aero & Auto Ltd., Aeronautical Engineers, on 6 October 1939, and they then produced aeronautical components for the war effort.
[edit] The Name
The name, New Imperial, was reportedly sold to BSA at a later date by Sangster, perhaps when he joined the board of BSA in 1951. The most likely explanation for this is that Sangster bought the name back from Clifford Aero and Auto when they changed over to wartime production, or that Sangster had retained the name and allowed Solomon Joseph to trade under it until war broke out and circumstances changed, but these details are not verifiable.[3] Despite plans to revive the name, it was all over for New Imperial.
[edit] References
- ^ a b c d e [1] New Imperial Owners Association History (retrieved 16 October 2006)
- ^ a b c [2] Ian Chadwick History (retrieved 16 October 2006)
- ^ a b c d [3] Birmingham Clifford Aero History (retrieved 16 October 2006)
- ^ [4] CyberMotorcycle History (retrieved 16 October 2006)
- ^ a b [5] Isle of Man History (retrieved 16 October 2006)
- ^ [6] Is-it-a-lemon precis (retrieved 16 October 2006)
