New York metropolitan area

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New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island

Common name: New York Metropolitan Area
Largest city Other cities	New York  - Newark  - Jersey City  - Yonkers  - Paterson
Population	Ranked 1st in the U.S.
- Total	18,747,320 (2005 est.)
- Density	2,790/sq. mi.  1,077/km²
Area	6,720 sq. mi. 17,405 km²
State(s)	- New York  - New Jersey  - Pennsylvania
Elevation
- Highest point	N/A feet (N/A m)
- Lowest point	0 feet (0 m)

The New York metropolitan area is the most populous in the United States and the fourth most populous in the world (after Tokyo, Seoul, and Mexico City).

The metropolitan area is defined by the United States Census Bureau as the New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), with an estimated population (as of 2005) of 18,747,320. The MSA is further subdivided into four metropolitan divisions. The 23-county metropolitan area includes the seven counties that constitute New York City and Long Island, twelve counties in northern New Jersey, three counties north of New York City in New York State, and one county in northeastern Pennsylvania. The largest urbanized area in the United States is at the heart of the metropolitan area, the New York--Newark, NY--NJ--CT Urbanized Area (with a population of 17,799,861 as of 2000).

Based on commuting patterns, the Census Bureau also defines a wider functional metropolitan area, the New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area (CSA) with an estimated population of 21,903,623 (as of 2005). This, when taken in proportion to population of the United States means that about one out of every fourteen Americans resides in this metropolitan area. This area includes seven additional counties in New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut, and is often referred to as the Tri-state Area, leaving out Pennsylvania. However, the New York City television designated market area (DMA) includes Pike County, Pennsylvania.

This extended metropolitan area includes the largest city in the United States (New York), the five largest cities in New Jersey (Newark, Jersey City, Elizabeth, Paterson, and Trenton) and the two largest cities in Connecticut (Bridgeport and New Haven). The total land area of the extended metropolitan area is 11,842 sq. mi. (30,671 km²).

Contents 1 Components of the metropolitan area 2 Urban areas of the region 3 Principal cities 4 Transportation 4.1 Commuter rail 4.2 Major highways 4.3 Major airports 4.4 See also 5 Ethnic diversity 6 Local politics 7 References 8 See also

[edit] Components of the metropolitan area

The counties and county groupings comprising the New York metropolitan area are listed below with 2005 U.S. Census Bureau estimates of their populations.

New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA Metropolitan Statistical Area (18,709,802)

• New York-White Plains-Wayne, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division (11,482,569)
  • Kings County, NY (2,486,235)
  • Queens County, NY (2,241,600)
  • New York County, NY (1,593,200)
  • Bronx County, NY (1,357,589)
  • Westchester County, NY (940,807)
  • Bergen County, NJ (902,561)
  • Hudson County, NJ (603,521)
  • Passaic County, NJ (499,060)
  • Richmond County, NY (464,573)
  • Rockland County, NY (292,916)
  • Putnam County, NY (100,507)
• Nassau-Suffolk, NY Metropolitan Division (2,808,064)
  • Suffolk County (1,474,927)
  • Nassau County (1,333,137)
• Edison, NJ Metropolitan Division (2,303,709)
  • Middlesex County (789,516)
  • Monmouth County (635,952)
  • Ocean County (558,341)
  • Somerset County (319,900)
• Newark-Union, NJ-PA Metropolitan Division (2,152,978)
  • Essex County, NJ (791,057)
  • Union County, NJ (531,457)
  • Morris County, NJ (490,593)
  • Sussex County, NJ (153,130)
  • Hunterdon County, NJ (130,404)
  • Pike County, PA (56,337)

In addition to the New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA Metropolitan Statistical Area, the following Metropolitan Statiscal Areas are also included in the New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area (total pop. 21,903,623):

• Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT Metropolitan Statistical Area (902,775)
  • Fairfield County (903,291)
• New Haven-Milford, CT Metropolitan Statistical Area (846,766)
  • New Haven County (846,766)
• Poughkeepsie-Newburgh-Middletown, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area (667,742)
  • Orange County (372,893)
  • Dutchess County (294,849)
• Trenton-Ewing, NJ Metropolitan Statistical Area (366,256)
  • Mercer County (366,256)
• Torrington, CT Micropolitan Statistical Area (190,071)
  • Litchfield County (190,071)
• Kingston, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area (182,693)
  • Ulster County (182,693)

Note: Sixty-three percent of the population (13,730,534) lives in the 43% of the land area that is east of the Ambrose Channel/The Narrows/Hudson River; Thirty-seven percent of the population (8,128,296) lives in the 57% of the land area that is west of the Ambrose Channel/The Narrows/Hudson River.

[edit] Urban areas of the region

The combined statistical area is a multicore metropolitan region containing several urban areas.

Population Rank	Urbanized Area	State(s)	2000 Population
1	New York--Newark	NY--NJ--CT	17,799,861
42	Bridgeport--Stamford	CT--NY	888,890
70	New Haven	CT	531,314
90	Poughkeepsie--Newburgh	NY	351,982
122	Trenton	NJ	268,472
163	Waterbury	CT	189,026
190	Danbury	CT--NY	154,455
350	Hightstown	NJ	69,977
435	Kingston	NY	53,458

[edit] Principal cities

The following is a list of principal cities in the New York-Newark-Bridgeport Combined Statistical Area with 2005 U.S. Census Bureau estimates of their population:

• New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island MSA
  • New York City (8,143,197)
  • Newark, New Jersey (280,666)
  • Edison, New Jersey (100,499)
  • White Plains, New York (56,733)
  • Union, New Jersey (55,326)
  • Wayne, New Jersey (55,150)
• Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk MSA
  • Bridgeport, Connecticut (139,008)
  • Stamford, Connecticut (120,045)
  • Norwalk, Connecticut (84,437)
  • Danbury, Connecticut (78,736)
  • Stratford, Connecticut (49,943)
• New Haven-Milford MSA
  • New Haven, Connecticut (124,791)
  • Milford, Connecticut (53,045)
• Poughkeepsie-Newburgh-Middletown MSA
  • Poughkeepsie, New York (30,355)
  • Newburgh, New York (28,548)
  • Middletown, New York (26,067)
  • Arlington, New York
• Trenton-Ewing MSA
  • Trenton, New Jersey (84,639)
  • Ewing, New Jersey (37,237)
• Kingston MSA
  • Kingston, New York (23,067)
• Torrington Micropolitan Area
  • Torrington, Connecticut^* (35,995)

^*While Litchfield County as a whole has closer commuting ties to the New York area, the city of Torrington itself is more closely associated with the Hartford area

[edit] Transportation

[edit] Commuter rail

The metropolitan area is partly defined by the areas from which people commute into the city. New York City is served by three primary commuter train systems plus Amtrak.

The Long Island Rail Road (LIRR), the busiest commuter railroad in the United States [1], is operated by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA), an agency of New York State. Its three major terminals are Pennsylvania Station (New York), Flatbush Avenue and Hunterspoint Avenue. It has a major transfer point at Jamaica Station. A map of the system can be found here.

Metro-North Railroad (MNRR), the second busiest commuter railroad in the United States [2], is also operated by the MTA, but in conjunction with the Connecticut Department of Transportation and New Jersey Transit. Its major terminal is Grand Central Terminal. Trains on the Port Jervis Line and Pascack Valley Line access terminals at Hoboken Terminal and at Pennsylvania Station (New York City) via Secaucus Junction. A map of the system can be found here.

New Jersey Transit (NJT), the third busiest commuter railroad in the United States by passenger miles and also third in trips when direct operated and purchased transportation services are both included (fourth if only direct operated are included) [3], is operated by the New Jersey Transit Corporation, an agency of New Jersey, in conjunction with Metro-North and Amtrak. A map of the system can be found here. Major terminals are Pennsylvania Station (New York City), Hoboken Terminal and Pennsylvania Station (Newark). A major transfer point is Secaucus Junction. New Jersey transit also operates a light rail in Hudson and Bergen Counties. A map can be found here.

Amtrak's Northeast Corridor offers service to Philadelphia and New Haven.

Major stations in the metropolitan area are:

Station	Railroad(s)	County	Type
Pennsylvania Station (New York)	LIRR, NJT, Amtrak	New York	Terminal
Grand Central Terminal	MNRR	New York	Terminal
Pennsylvania Station (Newark)	NJT, Amtrak	Essex	Terminal and Transfer
Hoboken Terminal	NJT	Hudson	Terminal
Atlantic Terminal at Flatbush Avenue	LIRR	Kings	Terminal
Hunterspoint Avenue	LIRR	Queens	Terminal
Jamaica Station	LIRR	Queens	Transfer
Secaucus Junction	NJT	Hudson	Transfer
New Haven Union Station	MNRR, Amtrak, Connecticut Shoreline East	New Haven	Terminal and Transfer

The following table shows all train lines operated by these commuter railroads in the New York metropolitan area. New Jersey Transit operates an additional train line in the Philadelphia metropolitan area. (Shown counterclockwise from the Atlantic Ocean):

Line or Branch	Railroad	Counties
Far Rockaway	LIRR	Queens, Nassau
Long Beach	LIRR	Nassau
Montauk	LIRR	Suffolk
Babylon	LIRR	Nassau, Suffolk
West Hempstead	LIRR	Queens, Nassau
Hempstead	LIRR	Queens, Nassau
Ronkokoma (Main Line)	LIRR	Nassau, Suffolk
Port Jefferson	LIRR	Nassau, Suffolk
Oyster Bay	LIRR	Nassau
Port Washington	LIRR	Queens, Nassau
New Haven	MNRR, Shore Line East	Westchester, Fairfield, New Haven
Harlem	MNRR	New York, Bronx, Westchester, Putnam, Dutchess
Hudson	MNRR	Bronx, Westchester, Putnam, Dutchess
Pascack Valley	MNRR, NJT	Hudson, Bergen, Passaic, Rockland, Orange
Port Jervis/Main Line/Bergen County	MNRR, NJT	Hudson, Bergen, Passaic, Rockland, Orange
Montclair-Boonton	NJT	New York, Hudson, Essex, Passaic, Morris, Warren
Morris & Essex (Morristown Line and Gladstone Branch)	NJT	New York, Hudson, Essex, Union, Morris, Somerset, Warren
Raritan Valley	NJT	Hudson, Essex, Union, Middlesex, Somerset, Hunterdon
Northeast Corridor and Princeton Branch	NJT, Amtrak	New York, Hudson, Essex, Union, Middlesex, Mercer
North Jersey Coast	NJT	New York, Hudson, Essex, Union, Middlesex, Monmouth, Ocean

Additionally, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, an agency of the states of New York and New Jersey, operates the PATH system. This heavy rail transportation service serves the counties of New York, Hudson and Essex. A map can be found here.

[edit] Major highways

Some of the major freeways/expressways carrying commuter traffic in and out of New York City are:

• Interstate 78
• Interstate 80
• Interstate 87
• Interstate 95
• Interstate 287 — serves as beltway around New York City
• Interstate 495
• Interstate 684
• Garden State Parkway
• Taconic State Parkway
• Palisades Interstate Parkway
• Northern State Parkway
• Southern State Parkway

[edit] Major airports

The metropolitan area is served by three major airports:

Airport	IATA code	ICAO code	County	State
John F. Kennedy International Airport	JFK	KJFK	Queens	New York
Newark Liberty International Airport	EWR	KEWR	Essex	New Jersey
LaGuardia Airport	LGA	KLGA	Queens	New York

[edit] See also

• Transportation in New York City
• Mass transit in New York City

[edit] Ethnic diversity

New York City has long been very ethnically diverse. Beginning in the later 19th Century, the New York Area was mainly divided among Italians, Irish, German, Polish, and Jewish populations. African Americans also have a long-standing presence in New York City, increasing particularly at the end of the 19th Century with the arrival of waves of internal migrants from the Southern United States.

Thanks to successive waves of immigration beginning in the early 20th Century the area's diversity continues to grow. The states of New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut are all ranked among the top 10 fastest-growing immigration states in America, and great numbers of recent immigrants from across East Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean now call the New York metropolitan area home. While prominent ethnic neighborhoods in the region are too numerous to list, there are multiple neighborhoods with large Dominican, Colombian, Chinese, Filipino, Russian, Korean, Indian, and Pakistani populations. The cuisines of virtually every major ethnic group on the planet are at least partially represented in the area, with the culinary landscape of New York changing slightly from year to year as new arrivals settle in.

The New York metropolitan area hosts a religious diversity in line with its ethnic diversity. Houses of worship exist for numerous Christian denominations, especially Catholicism but also various churches within both Orthodoxy and Protestantism. New York has a large Jewish population, and is a major center of Conservative Judaism and Reform Judaism, and is home to the headquarters of many Hasidic movements, particularly in the borough of Brooklyn. Islam, Buddhism, Sikhism, Taoism, and many other world religions have formal houses of worship in New York. Along with these religions, there are also many people who practice no religion at all.

[edit] Local politics

The neutrality of this section is disputed. Please see the discussion on the talk page.

Individual politics in the New York Metropolitan area vary greatly, but coexisting in such a huge population of many diverse cultures and backgrounds requires a large amount of tolerance for differing worldviews. As a result, the residents of the Tri-state area are traditionally very liberal. More recently, the attacks of September 11th have made New Yorkers much more security-minded. Also, the spiraling crime rates and the inner-city crack cocaine epidemic of the 1970s and 80s gave New York City a reputation of ruthlessness and vice. The public backlash against this ushered in an era of strong policing and determined leadership under New York Mayor Rudolph Giuliani in the mid to late 1990's. Through his guidance and not-so-polite methods of pushing through "quality of life" policing, coupled with Police Commissioner William J. Bratton's implementation of a more computer and data driven police force (known as COMPSTAT), violent crime in the city dropped to levels not seen since the 1950s. As a result, a new synthesis has begun to emerge across the metropolitan area. New Yorkers remain some of the most culturally liberal people in the United States, but many also now appreciate the need for policy measures that they feel protect their way of life from terrorism, violent crime, and economic malaise.

Four of the city's five boroughs (Manhattan, the Bronx, Brooklyn, and Queens) are predominantly towards the Democratic Party, while one (Staten Island) trends Republican. The city has elected two Republican mayors, Rudolph Giuliani and Michael Bloomberg, consecutively since 1994. However, they are both liberal Republicans, or how it has become known New York Republican, as compared to the New York Conservative Party, which cross-endorses many more conservative Republicans in the state, especially statewide candidates and legislators. Despite this, the overwhelming majority of congressmen and city council members are Democratic. This divide reflects the diverse views held by New York City's millions of residents.

The urban areas of adjacent New Jersey are predominantly Democratic, including Hudson County (Jersey City, Hoboken), Essex County (Newark, the Oranges), Union County (Elizabeth, Linden), and Passaic County (Paterson). The suburban areas of the New York metropolitan region are fairly evenly divided between communities that trend to the Democrats and those that favor Republicans-- at least in local and state politics. However, many of these suburbs have been trending strongly toward the Democrats in recent years, especially in Nassau, Suffolk, and Westchester, and those of many other cities are still strongly Republican. Nationally, there is a definite preference for the Democrats by people in the New York region. Parts of Bergen County, New Jersey and Morris County, New Jersey remain Republican-leaning.

Overall, Greater New York's voters voted for John Kerry, by 59.20% (4,772,314) to 39.67% (3,197,970) for George W. Bush in 2004. In details, New York City voters overwhelmingly favored Kerry by 75% (1,828,015) to 24% (587,534) for the incumbent, while suburban voters gave only a slim margin to the Democratic candidate, with 52.36% (2,944,299) of the vote for Kerry, to 46.42% (2,610,436) for Bush, though Kerry's margin in Westchester was among the largest anywhere in New York outside the city proper.

The New York City area is notoriously multifarious. While the city itself has some bad areas, and some of the inner metropolitan cities have poor reputations, the New York Metro Area is overall one of the safest areas to live in. Long Island, New York was rated the safest place to live per-capita in 2005, followed by Middlesex and Monmouth counties in New Jersey. New York City itself has been ranked by the Federal Bureau of Investigation as the safest big city in the United States in recent years. Some say this (especially in the inner city areas) can be credited to major "quality of life" initiatives passed in the 1990s; back in the 1970s the area had a reputation (exaggerated but not unfounded) as one of the most dangerous areas of the U.S. to live in.

- The New York Metro area is also the second most expensive place to live in the United States, trailing behind only Boston, the city itself being the most costly, with many of its suburbs closely behind. Connecticut, where about one third of the state is considered a suburb of New York, is home to some of the most expensive and affluent areas in the world. Fortunately, mass-transit often alleviates the need to drive into the city, where parking costs and traffic tend to be quite high.

- Westchester County, New York; Fairfield County, Connecticut; and Bergen County, New Jersey are among America's wealthiest counties. Long Island tends to be more working-class oriented, except for the North Shore of Nassau County.

- Despite New York's improving reputation, many families live in the suburbs and commute to jobs in the city. Most school districts in New York City itself and other nearby "inner-city" communities have a reputation for being unsatisfactory; however, many school districts in the wealthier suburbs are considered very effective and among the best in the entire country. In some of the Connecticut and especially the New Jersey suburbs, this is achieved with lower costs of living than the city itself (especially Manhattan).

[edit] References

• [4], Table 1.

[edit] See also

• United States metropolitan area

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