Norcia

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Comune di Norcia
Municipal coat of arms
Country	Italy
Region	Umbria
Province	Perugia (PG)
Mayor	Nicola Alemanno (since June 2004)

Elevation	604 m
Area	274 km²
Population
- Total	4,695
- Density	17/km²
Time zone	CET, UTC+1
Coordinates	42°48′N 13°06′E
Gentilic	Nursini
Dialing code	0743
Postal code	06046
Frazioni	see list
Patron	St. Benedict
- Day	March 21, July 11
Website: www.comune.norcia.pg.it

Norcia is a town and commune in the province of Perugia (Italy) in southeastern Umbria, located in a wide plain abutting the Monti Sibillini, a subrange of the Apennines with some of its highest peaks, near the Sordo River, a small stream that eventually flows into the Nera. The town is thus popularly associated with the Valnerina (the valley of that river).

A panorama of Norcia.

The area is known for its air and scenery, and is a base for mountaineering and hiking. It is also widely known for hunting, especially of the wild boar, and for sausages and ham made from wild boar and pork, to the point that Norcia has given its name to such products: in Italian, norcineria.

1 History
2 Main sights
- 2.1 Frazioni
3 Fractions
4 See also
5 External links

[edit] History

Traces of human settlement in Norcia's area dates back to the Neolithic Age.

The town's history begins with settlement by the Sabines in the 5th century BC. It became an ally of ancient Rome in 205 BC, during the Second Punic War, when it was known in Latin as Nursia, but the earliest extant Roman ruins date from around the 1st century.

St. Benedict, the founder of the Benedictine monastic system, and his twin sister St. Scholastica, were born here in 480. In the following century the city was conquered by the Lombards, becoming part of the Duchy of Spoleto. In the 9th century it suffered from Saracen attacks, which started a period of deep decadence. It is located 7 miles from Cascia.

In the 11th century, it was part of the domain of St. Henry, Holy Roman Emperor.In the 12th century Norcia became an independent commune within the Papal territories, with an increasing political and economical prestige. The collaboration with the Benedictine abbey in Preci led to the creation of the Schola Chirurgica: the latter's studies allowed Norcia's to improve their swines breeding capacities. However, the vicinity of the powerful Spoleto and the 1324 earthquake thwarted the city's ambitions, and in 1354 it returned definitively under the Papal authority.

The church of St. Benedict, facing the omonymous square, in Norcia.

[edit] Main sights

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The older core of Norcia is entirely flat, which is relatively unusual among the towns of Umbria, and completely enclosed by a full circuit of walls that has survived intact from the 14th century, despite many earthquakes of which several were devastating (1763, 1859, 1979). After the earthquake of August 22, 1859, the Papal States, to which Norcia then belonged, imposed a stringent construction code forbidding structures of more than 3 stories and requiring the use of certain materials and building techniques.

Many other Roman vestiges are observable thruout the city, especially in the walls of San Lorenzo, its oldest extant church.

The main church in town is the basilica dedicated to St. Benedict, still maintained by a Benedictine monastery in modern times. Though the present edifice was built in the 13th century, it stands on the remains of one or more small Roman buildings, sometimes considered to have been a Roman basilica, or alternately the actual house in which the twin saints were born. The façade, in Gothic style, is characterized by a central rose window and relief portraying the four Evangelists.

Other churches include the Renaissance church of Santa Maria Argentea (the Duomo, with some works by Flemish masters) and the Gothic church of S. Agostino (14th century) with its many votive frescoes of St Roch and St Sebastian.

A fortress, the Castellina, was built in the 16th century as the residence of the Papal governors, under design by Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola. It now houses a small museum with Roman and medieval artifacts, and documents of the Middle Ages and later periods.

[edit] Frazioni

The pieve of San Salvatore, Campi, with two rose windows and two portals of different ages. Also in Campi is the parish church of St. Andrew, with an original triangular loggiato.
The frazione of Savelli houses the ruins of Madonna della Neve, an elegant octagonal building designed by Bramante and destroyed by the 1979 earthquake.
In San Pellegrino is the convent of Santa Maria di Montesanto (14th century), now in poor conditions. It has a noteworthy cloister, a church with 17th century canvasses and a 14th century wooden statue portraying the Madonna with Child.

[edit] Fractions

Agriano, Aliena, Ancarano, Biselli, Campi, Casali di Serravalle, Case sparse, Castelluccio, Cortigno, Forca Canapine, Forsivo, Frascaro, Legogne, Monte-Cappelletta, Nottoria, Ocricchio, Ospedaletto, Pescia, Pie' la rocca, Piediripa, Popoli, San Marco, San Pellegrino, Sant'Andrea, Savelli, Serravalle, Valcaldara.