Oxidoreductase

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule (the oxidant, also called the hydrogen donor or electron acceptor) to another (the reductant, also called the hydrogen acceptor or electron donor). For example, an enzyme that catalyzed this reaction would be an oxidoreductase:

A^– + B → A + B^–

In this example, A is the reductant (electron donor) and B is the oxidant (electron acceptor).

In biochemical reactions, the redox reactions are sometimes more difficult to see, such as this reaction from glycolysis:

P_i + glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + NAD⁺ → NADH + H⁺ + 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

In this reaction, NAD⁺ is the oxidant (electron acceptor), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is the reductant (electron donor).

1 Nomenclature
2 Classification
3 See also
4 External link

[edit] Nomenclature

Proper names of oxidoreductases are formed as "donor:acceptor oxidoreductase." However, other names are much more common. The common name is "donor dehydrogenase" when possible, such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase for the second reaction above. Common names are also sometimes formed as "acceptor reductase", such as NAD⁺ reductase. "Donor oxidase" is a special case where O₂ is the acceptor.

[edit] Classification

Oxidoreductases are classified as EC 1 in the EC number classification of enzymes. Oxidoreductases can be further classified into 22 subclasses:

EC 1.1 includes oxidoreductases that act on the CH-OH group of donors
EC 1.2 includes oxidoreductases that act on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors
EC 1.3 includes oxidoreductases that act on the CH-CH group of donors
EC 1.4 includes oxidoreductases that act on the CH-NH₂ group of donors
EC 1.5 includes oxidoreductases that act on CH-NH group of donors
EC 1.6 includes oxidoreductases that act on NADH or NADPH
EC 1.7 includes oxidoreductases that act on other nitrogenous compounds as donors
EC 1.8 includes oxidoreductases that act on a sulfur group of donors
EC 1.9 includes oxidoreductases that act on a heme group of donors
EC 1.10 includes oxidoreductases that act on diphenols and related substances as donors
EC 1.11 includes oxidoreductases that act on peroxide as an acceptor (peroxidases)
EC 1.12 includes oxidoreductases that act on hydrogen as donors
EC 1.13 includes oxidoreductases that act on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases)
EC 1.14 includes oxidoreductases that act on paired donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen
EC 1.15 includes oxidoreductases that act on superoxide radicals as acceptors
EC 1.16 includes oxidoreductases that oxidize metal ions
EC 1.17 includes oxidoreductases that act on CH or CH₂ groups
EC 1.18 includes oxidoreductases that act on iron-sulfur proteins as donors
EC 1.19 includes oxidoreductases that act on reduced flavodoxin as a donor
EC 1.20 includes oxidoreductases that act on phosphorus or arsenic in donors
EC 1.21 includes oxidoreductases that act on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond
EC 1.97 includes other oxidoreductases