Philosophical theism

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Philosophical theism is a belief that God exists (or must exist), independent of the teaching or relevation of any particular religion. Some philosophical theists are persuaded of God's existence by philosophical arguments, while others consider themselves to have a religious faith that need not be, or could not be, supported by rational argument. Philosophical theists may accept arguments or observations about the existence of God advanced by theologians working in some religious tradition, but reject the tradition itself. (For example, a philosophical theist might believe certain Christian arguments about God while rejecting Christianity.)

Philosophical theism, for some, can be connected with the older view called Deism.

Martin Gardner is a contemporary defender of philosophical theism who has been actively hostile to some religious traditions because of their belief that God has performed particular miracles or revelations.