Scrophulariaceae

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

iFigwort family

Scrophularia nodosa

Scientific classification

Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Order:	Lamiales
Family:	Scrophulariaceae Juss.

Genera

See text.

Scrophulariaceae, the figwort family, is a family of plants. The type genus is Scrophularia L..

In the past it was treated as comprising about 275 genera and over 5,000 species, but its circumscription has been radically altered since numerous molecular phylogenies have shown the traditional circumscription to be grossly polyphyletic. Many genera have recently been transferred to other families within the Lamiales, including several new families (Olmstead et al., 2001; Olmstead, 2003). Other families of the Lamiales have also had their circumscriptions enlarged to accommodate genera transferred from Scrophulariacae s.l. Members of the Scrophulariaceae have a cosmopolitan distribution, with the majority found in temperate areas, including tropical mountains.

The family includes some medicinal plants, among them:

Leptandra, Black root, Culver's root, Leptandra
Rehmannia, Chinese foxglove, used in Traditional Chinese medicine
Scrophularia, figworts
Verbascum, mulleins

[edit] Genera

Agalinis Raf. -- False foxglove
Alectra Thunb.
Alonsoa Ruiz & Pav.
Aureolaria Raf. -- False foxglove
Brachystigma Pennell -- Desert foxglove
Buchnera L. -- Bluehearts
Buddleja -- Butterfly-bush
Capraria L.
Dasistoma Raf.
Diplacus Nutt. -- Bush monkeyflower
Gerardia
Hemianthus Nutt.
Ilysanthes
Lendneria Minod
Leptandra -- Black root, Culver's root, Leptandra)
Leucospora Nutt.
Macranthera Nutt.
Mimetanthe Greene
Phygelius E.Mey. ex Benth. -- Cape fuchsia
Rehmannia Libosch.
Schwalbea L. -- Schwalbea
Scrophularia L. -- Figwort
Seymeria Pursh -- Black senna
Striga Lour. -- Witchweed
Tomanthera
Torenia L.
Verbascum L. -- Mullein

and many more.

The following genera, traditionally included in the Scrophulariaceae, have now been transferred by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group to other families on genetic evidence:

Amphianthus -> Plantaginaceae
Angelonia -> Plantaginaceae
Antirrhinum -> Plantaginaceae
Bacopa -> Plantaginaceae
Bartsia -> Orobanchaceae
Bellardia -> Orobanchaceae
Besseya -> Plantaginaceae
Calceolaria -> Calceolariaceae
Castilleja -> Orobanchaceae
Chaenorrhinum -> Plantaginaceae
Chelone -> Plantaginaceae
Chionophila -> Plantaginaceae
Collinsia -> Plantaginaceae
Cordylanthus -> Orobanchaceae
Cymbalaria -> Plantaginaceae
Digitalis -> Plantaginaceae
Dopatrium -> Plantaginaceae
Epixiphium -> Plantaginaceae
Euphrasia -> Orobanchaceae
Galvezia -> Plantaginaceae
Gambelia -> Plantaginaceae
Glossostigma -> Phrymaceae
Gratiola -> Plantaginaceae
Hebe -> Plantaginaceae
Holmgrenanthe -> Plantaginaceae
Howelliella -> Plantaginaceae
Keckiella -> Plantaginaceae
Kickxia -> Plantaginaceae
Lagotis -> Plantaginaceae
Leucophyllum -> Plantaginaceae
Limnophila -> Plantaginaceae
Limosella -> Plantaginaceae -> Scrophulariaceae (according to Oxelman et al. 2005)
Linaria -> Plantaginaceae
Lindernia -> Plantaginaceae
Lophospermum -> Plantaginaceae
Mabrya -> Plantaginaceae
Maurandella -> Plantaginaceae
Maurandya -> Plantaginaceae
Mazus -> Phrymaceae
Mecardonia -> Plantaginaceae
Melampyrum -> Orobanchaceae
Micranthemum -> Plantaginaceae
Mimulus -> Phrymaceae
Misopates -> Plantaginaceae
Mohavea -> Plantaginaceae
Nemesia -> Plantaginaceae
Neogaerrhinum -> Plantaginaceae
Nothochelone -> Plantaginaceae
Nuttallanthus -> Plantaginaceae
Odontites -> Orobanchaceae
Orobanche -> Orobanchaceae
Orthocarpus -> Orobanchaceae
Parentucellia -> Orobanchaceae
Pedicularis -> Orobanchaceae
Paulownia -> Paulowniaceae
Penstemon -> Plantaginaceae
Pseudorontium -> Plantaginaceae
Rhinanthus -> Orobanchaceae
Russelia -> Plantaginaceae
Sairocarpus -> Plantaginaceae
Schistophragma -> Plantaginaceae
Scoparia -> Plantaginaceae
Stemodia -> Plantaginaceae
Synthyris -> Plantaginaceae
Tonella -> Plantaginaceae
Triphysaria -> Orobanchaceae
Veronica -> Plantaginaceae
Veronicastrum -> Plantaginaceae

[edit] References

Olmstead, R. G., dePamphilis, C. W., Wolfe, A. D., Young, N. D., Elisons, W. J. & Reeves P. A. (2001). "Disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae". American Journal of Botany 88: 348-361. - on line here.
Olmstead, R. G. (2003). "Whatever happened to the Scrophulariaceae?". Fremontia 30: 13-22. - on line here.
Oxelman, B.; Kornhall, P.; Olmstead, R.G.; Bremer, B. (2005). "Further disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae". Taxon 54: 411-425.