Socialist Equality Party (US)
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The Socialist Equality Party is a Trotskyist political party in the United States, one of the many Socialist Equality Parties around the world affiliated to the International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI), well known for its publication of the World Socialist Web Site. Rankings compiled by Alexa.com show it is the most widely read international socialist news source on the internet.
In addition, it has participated in recent elections with the aim of opposing the American occupation of Iraq and building a mass socialist party with an international perspective.
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[edit] Revolutionary Tendency
In early 1960s, most U.S. Trotskyists were organized in the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) as part of the International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI). Tim Wohlforth was a youth leader in that party and was opposed to the course of the organisation, which was heading toward reunification with the International Secretariat of the Fourth International (ISFI). With others, including James Robertson, he formed the Revolutionary Tendency (RT) within the SWP. It developed links with the Socialist Labour League in Britain, led by Gerry Healy.
They saw the course of the SWP towards a regrouping with the ISFI, which had long been called "Pabloite" by members of the ICFI, as breaking with basic Trotskyist principles. The party leadership at the same time blocked discussion over other issues, such as the SWP's support for Fidel Castro as an "unconscious" Trotskyist.
The ICFI leadership, supported by the RT, argued that if a revolution can be carried out by an unconscious Trotskyist, there was no point of building the Fourth International as the conscious leadership of the working class. The ICFI traced the SWP's support for Cuba to their "regroupment" policy, in which, according to the ICFI, they attempted to gain the support of the middle-class radical supporters of Cuba. The ICFI claimed this was done without a genuine discussion of the principles of the Fourth International.
[edit] Reorganized Minority Tendency
The two main leaders of the RT had different evaluations of the SWP. Robertson's position led the SWP to expel him and his supporters first, but he and his supporters did not join the ICFI. Robertson's group went on to form the Spartacist League. The remainder of the tendency, now led by Wohlforth alone renamed their group the Reorganized Minority Tendency.
Wohlforth and his supporters were themselves expelled in 1964, but they maintained connections with Gerry Healy and the rest of the ICFI, which they considered the legitimate Trotskyist movement.
They claimed the split was due to their insistence on a discussion of the decision by the Sri Lankan Lanka Sama Samaja Party to participate in the national government. They explained this decision as "opportunism" that originated in the "centrist" position of the LSSP during the split between the ISFI and ICFI of 1953.
[edit] American Committee of the Fourth International
Those Americans expelled from the SWP then formed the American Committee of the Fourth International (ACFI) and became the United States section of the ICFI, while the SWP joined the ISFI. At this time, the Socialist Labour League under Gerry Healy were the largest section of the ICFI, followed by the French OCI.
[edit] Workers League
The ACFI grew throughout the 1960s along with most leftist groupings. The ACFI was renamed the Workers League and developed into a nationwide organisation with hundreds of members. Its youth work, which led to the development of the Young Socialists, was particularly successful in this period.
In 1985, the ICFI split over policies advanced by the Workers Revolutionary Party. The policies they disagreed with included supporting national bourgeois regimes, including those of Saddam Hussein and Muammar Gadhafi, and supporting Stalinists such as Gordon McLennan of the Communist Party of Great Britain. Many of Healy's former supporters saw these moves as a repetition of the mistakes of Pabloism.
[edit] Socialist Equality Party
In 1995, the various parties affiliated to the ICFI renamed themselves the Socialist Equality Party. The activity of the ICFI is centered around the publication of the World Socialist Web Site. The SEP has also run in recent elections, including the 2004 Presidential elections, when it nominated Bill Van Auken for President and Jim Lawrence for Vice-President. In 2003, the SEP ran John Christopher Burton in the California recall gubernatorial elections, although it urged people to vote "No" on the recall because it saw the recall campaign as an anti-democratic attempt by right-wing forces to undo the results of the election that happened only a few months earlier. Burton received 6,000 votes and came in 13th in a field of 135 candidates.
The SEP also ran candidates for the 2006 US mid-term elections, including Bill Van Auken for US Senate in New York State, Jerome White for Congress in Michigan and John Burton for Congress in California. In its elections it called for the immediate and unconditional withdrawal of all US troops from Iraq. It has sought to connect the fight against war to the building of an independent international party of the working class, based on a socialist program.
Other candidates, announced on the World Socialist Web Site on May 15, 2006, included:
- Joe Parnarauskis, a nurse, for Illinois State Senate (District 52, Champaign-Urbana)
- Eric Des Marais, a graduate student, for Maine State Senate (District 32, Bangor)
- Christie M. Schaefer, a service worker, for Oregon State Senate (District 19, Portland)
- Paul Palinkas, a computer consultant, for Washington State House (District 36, Seattle)
Other Socialist Equality Parties linked to the one in the United States exist in Australia, Canada, Germany, Sri Lanka and the United Kingdom.
[edit] Presidential candidates
- 1984 - Edward Winn
- 1988 - Edward Winn
- 1992 - Helen Halyard
- 1996 - Jerome White
- 2004 - Bill Van Auken
