Spiral (figure skating)
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A spiral is an element in figure skating where the skater glides on one foot while raising the free leg above hip level. Many skaters try to lift the leg as high as possible, but more important than the height of the free leg is that it be fully stretched and that the tension of the position be maintained in the upper body as well. In addition, figure skating judges look for the depth, stability, and control of the skating edge. Spirals can be performed either forward or backward, on either the inside or outside edge.
The traditional spiral is performed with the free leg stretched and extended to the rear, but spirals can also be performed in other positions, such as with the free leg extended forward, with a bent knee, or with the leg or skate supported with one or both hands, as in a Biellmann position.
A "spiral sequence" is a series of spiral moves performed together. The spiral sequence is a required element for ladies and pairs in international competition; under the rules for the ISU Judging System, the skater must hold each spiral position for at least 3 seconds to receive credit for it.
The name "spiral" is indicative of the skating edge. This move is generally (but not exclusively) demonstrated on a deep inside or outside edge. As the skater moves, he or she glides slightly to the left or right (depending on the edge used), and continues in a spiral pattern around the ice if held long enough. A change-of-edge spiral is performed when a skater changes edge during the spiral without placing the free foot on the ice. The most common is forward inside edge to forward outside edge. This is figure skater Michelle Kwan's signature move.
Nancy Kerrigan's trademark move was a high-leg spiral performed with one hand supporting the knee of the free leg. Nicole Bobek is generally credited with popularizing the spiral in a near-vertical split position. Sasha Cohen is also known for demonstrating extreme flexibility in her spiral positions.
Robin Cousins invented the skid spiral, a 180-degree turn on the ice performed in a spiral position. Other male skaters known for their spirals include Toller Cranston and Paul Wylie.
