Svinesund Bridge
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| Carries | European route E6 |
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| Crosses | Ide fjord at Svinesund |
| Locale | Swedish municipality of Strömstad,Norwegian municipality of Halden |
| Design | Compression arch suspended-deck bridge |
| Longest span | 247 m (810 ft) |
| Total length | 704 m (2,310 ft) |
| Width | 2 vehicular lanes in each direction |
| Vertical clearance | total height 92 m (302 ft) above water |
| Clearance below | deck 55 m (180 ft) above water |
| Opening date | June 13, 2005 |
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The Svinesund Bridge is a compression arch suspended-deck bridge crossing Ide fjord at Svinesund, and joining Sweden and Norway. Svinesund is a sound separating the Swedish municipality of Strömstad from the Norwegian municipality of Halden, and thus it is the border between Sweden and Norway in this region. The bridge is the westernmost border crossing (and one of the southernmost) between the two countries and carries the European route E6 which is a major traffic route in the area, connecting Oslo and the rest of Norway with Gothenburg, Malmö and the rest of Europe.
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[edit] Description of the bridge
The New Svinesund Bridge is a highway bridge across the Ide fjord at Svinesund. The total cost of the project, including approach work, customs (this is an EU border) and toll plazas, and new interchanges for E6 (with the old bridge and old E6 becoming local routes) was 1,400 million Swedish Kronor (about 185M USD or 151M Euros at Jan 2006 exchange rates). The project is a joint venture of the Swedish and Norwegian road authorities, and all costs are to be financed with tolls (some writings refer to them as "road tax") collected. The new bridge is tolled in both directions and the old bridge is tolled in one direction.
The total length of the bridge is 704 metres (2,310 ft) and consists of a substructure in ordinary reinforced concrete together with a steel box-girder superstructure. The main span of the bridge between abutments is approximately 247 metres (810 ft) and consists of a single ordinary reinforced concrete arch which carries two steel box-girder bridge decks, one on either side of the arch. The level of the top of the arch and the bridge deck are +91.7 metres (300.9 ft) and +61 metres (200.1 ft), respectively. Over the part of the bridge where the arch rises above the level of the bridge decking, the two bridge decks are joined by traverse beams positioned at 25.5 metres (83.7 ft) centres. The traverse beams are in turn supported by hangers to the concrete arch.
[edit] Construction notes
The bridge was constructed between 2003 and 2005 and was opened for traffic on June 13, 2005. Unusually for a two hinge concrete arch bridge, the arch was built using cantilever construction (images: [1], [2] and [3]), supported by temporary cable stays. The bridge was engineered by Bilfinger Berger AG, who also acted as general contractors.
The two halves of the arch were cast using similar climbing formwork, with concrete provided via a cable conveyor. The construction system had an hydraulic self climbing casting mould which was anchored to the most recently completed arch segment, and segments were added at a rate of about 1 per week (illustration showing process). Each segment used about 60 cubic meters of k70 class concrete, and there were about 50 segments per side. The arch itself is hollow, and has been provided with heating coils to keep it free from ice and snow build up as well as navigation lights and interior maintenance pathways (info taken from this PDF at the joint bridge info site).
Once the arch was in place, the stays, temporary concrete stay towers and cable conveyors were removed, and the roadway segments added. Some were added in place, but the center roadway section under the arch was floated in on barges, as a complete section, and raised into place.
[edit] Old Svinesund Bridge
The former Svinesund Bridge (1946) [4], 1 kilometre (0.6 miles) to the east, was renamed the Old Svinesund Bridge but is still in service as a complement to the new bridge. Heavy trucks (gross weight exceeding 3,500 kg / 7,700 lb) are no longer permitted on the old bridge now that the new one is available. Note that the picture to the left was taken in August 2003, prior to the completion of the new bridge, which explains why trucks were still eligible to use it. It was built during the war period 1939-1946. It was delayed because of the war and the fact that it was partly destroyed when lightning ignited explosives (1942), placed on the bridge as a defense measure.
[edit] External links
- Swedish Road Administration's project site
- PDF on engineering and construction from the above site
- PDF on topography and project profile from the above site
- Entry for older (1946) bridge at Structurae.de
- Entry for newer (2005) bridge at Structurae.de
- Map at commercial site multimap.com, showing the old and new bridges (new shown as dotted, under construction) and rerouting of E6
