The Graduate

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For the album by MC Lars, see The Graduate (album).

The Graduate
Directed by	Mike Nichols
Produced by	Lawrence Turman
Written by	Charles Webb (novel) Calder Willingham Buck Henry
Starring	Dustin Hoffman Anne Bancroft Katharine Ross
Music by	Paul Simon & Art Garfunkel
Distributed by	Embassy Pictures
Release date(s)	December 21, 1967
Running time	105 min.
Language	English
Budget	$3,000,000
IMDb profile

The Graduate is a 1967 film directed by Mike Nichols from a screenplay by Calder Willingham and Buck Henry. The film is based on the novel of the same name by Charles Webb.

Benjamin Braddock (played by Dustin Hoffman in the film), a recent college graduate with no well-defined aim in life, is seduced by Mrs. Robinson (Anne Bancroft) and then falls in love with her daughter Elaine (Katharine Ross).

The Graduate was the breakthrough role for Hoffman, whose sole previous film role was in The Tiger Makes Out (1967). The nearly thirty-year old also earned an Oscar nomination for his performance. His next big success (and nominations) came from Midnight Cowboy, Lenny, and All the President's Men.

The film also boosted the profile of folk-rock duo Simon and Garfunkel, whose soundtrack album (The Graduate Original Soundtrack), on the strength of the hit single "Mrs. Robinson", rose to the top of the charts in 1968 (knocking off The Beatles' White Album).

Some scenes and themes in the film have become deeply embedded in the popular consciousness, even decades after its release, and have been widely parodied. One such scene involves the one-word career advice given to Benjamin by a family friend: "Plastics", offered as a self-explanatory key to a certain life of corporate success.

Between 2000 and 2002 the project was revived as a play and appeared in London and on Broadway, as well as touring companies, starring such names as Kathleen Turner, Alicia Silverstone, Jason Biggs, Lorraine Bracco, Jerry Hall, Linda Gray, Vera Fischer and Morgan Fairchild.

The film, produced by Lawrence Turman, is consistently in the Internet Movie Database's top 250 films, ranked #9 on the American Film Institute's list of 100 Years... 100 Laughs, #7 on their list of 100 Years... 100 Movies, and has been selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.

Contents 1 Synopsis 2 Trivia 3 Goofs 4 On the stage 5 In Popular Culture 6 Status of sequel 7 External links

[edit] Synopsis

The film explores the life of 20-year-old Benjamin Braddock shortly after earning his bachelor's degree from an unnamed university in the Northeast. The movie starts at a party celebrating his graduation at his parents' house in suburban Los Angeles. Benjamin is visibly uncomfortable at the party attended by mostly his parents' friends. He remains aloof while his parents deliver accolades and neighborhood friends ask him about his future plans. One family friend, Mrs. Robinson, asks Benjamin to drive her home, which he reluctantly does.

Arriving at her home, she asks him to come inside. Once inside, she exposes herself to him and offers to have an affair with him. This scene, known as the "Mrs. Robinson, you're trying to seduce me" scene, as said by Benjamin, is said to be one of the most iconic scenes in the film. Initially flustered, he is immediately shocked by her advances and flees. A few days later he calls her and their affair begins.

Benjamin is clearly uncomfortable with sexuality, but he is drawn into the affair with the older, but still attractive, Mrs. Robinson. Their affair appears to last most of the summer.

Meanwhile Benjamin is hounded by his father to select a graduate school to attend. Benjamin, clearly not interested in pursuing his studies, shrugs off his father's wishes and spends his time lounging and sleeping with Mrs. Robinson. His affair may serve as an escape from his lack of direction or ambition, and his fear and anxiety of his impending future.

Mr. Robinson, unaware of his wife's budding affair, encourages Benjamin to call his daughter, Elaine. Benjamin's parents also repeatedly encourage him to date her. During one liaison, Mrs. Robinson extracts a promise from Ben to never date Elaine. Sensing that getting involved with the daughter of his lover could be disastrous, he tries to avoid it. However, because of the three parents' persistent intervention, he is essentially forced to date her. Therefore, he tries to ensure his date with her will be a disaster so she would not want to pursue a relationship with him. He drives recklessly, basically ignores Elaine, and then takes her to a strip club where she is openly offended and silently begins to cry.

After she storms out of the establishment, he is overcome with guilt and pursues her and apologizes. What follows is a relationship with the young Robinson, exactly what Benjamin and Mrs. Robinson were trying to avoid.

From here, Benjamin's life falls apart. His affair is discovered and, although he follows Elaine to the University of California, Berkeley, where she is a student, he is barred from seeing Elaine any further. She proceeds to become engaged to another man—one her parents find acceptable. However, Benjamin, believing (with some justification) that she loves him, refuses to give up hope, despite warnings from Mr. Robinson and threats of arrest from Mrs. Robinson.

In the famous conclusion of the film, Benjamin undertakes a desperate drive across a distance of many miles to somehow head off Elaine's wedding. He is forced to stop for directions, his car runs out of gas, and he is ultimately forced to run the final few blocks. He arrives just as the bride and groom are exchanging vows, and stands looking down at the couple from an upper window. He begins rapping on the glass and screams "Elaine! Elaine!", but they do not garner much response at first, but when Elaine gives the return cry "Ben!" mayhem ensues.

After a violent struggle with Elaine's parents and wedding guests (Ben armed only with a large cross), Ben and Elaine escape on a public bus. The escaping couple sits smiling at the back of the bus, the other passengers stare at them in mute disbelief, and the movie closes with a shot through the back window of Ben and Elaine's smiles fading to an enigmatic neutral expression, and Simon and Garfunkel's soundtrack. This scene has been parodied numerous times, in Wayne's World 2, Bubble Boy, The King of Queens, Old School, The Secret of Monkey Island, Family Guy, Daria, American Pie , Saving Face, and The Simpsons, The Nanny', Dynasty and even referenced on Dallas.

[edit] Trivia

• In the promotional poster for the film (and presumably the record sleeve shown here) Mrs. Robinson's leg is not that of Anne Bancroft, but of the then-unknown model Linda Gray — most famous for playing Sue Ellen Ewing in the television soap Dallas. Linda Gray went on to play the role of Mrs. Robinson in the stage version of The Graduate in the West End and on Broadway.

• According to a Variety article by Peter Bart in the 15 May 2005 issue, Nichols had become obsessed with Simon & Garfunkel's music while shooting the film. Lawrence Turman, his producer, made a deal for Simon to write three new songs for the movie. By the time they were nearly finished editing the film, Simon had only written one new song. Nichols begged him for more but Simon, who was touring constantly, told him he didn't have the time. He did play him a few notes of a new song he had been working on; "It's not for the movie... it's a song about times past — about Mrs. Roosevelt and Joe DiMaggio and stuff." Nichols advised Simon, "It's now about Mrs. Robinson, not Mrs. Roosevelt."

• An interview with Hoffman revealed that he was uneasy about his window-pounding antics, as the owner of the church had been watching the filming disapprovingly. Apparently, Hoffman's Christ-like pose when banging on the pane was an attempt to minimize its rattling, rather than an intentional religious reference.

• In the Berkeley boarding house where Benjamin ends up living, the landlord is played by Norman Fell, who would later gain fame as "Mr. Roper" on the popular 1970s sitcom Three's Company. Richard Dreyfuss, still an unknown in 1967, is briefly shown as one of Fell's other tenants. Earlier in the film, Mike Farrell, later a star of TV's M*A*S*H, can be glimpsed as one of the hotel bellhops addressing Benjamin as "Mr. Gladstone".

• We never learn Mrs. Robinson's first name (or, indeed, the first names of any of Benjamin's and Elaine's parents) during the course of the film.

• Robert Redford tested for the part of Benjamin, but he and director Mike Nichols decided they needed someone who appeared more uncomfortable with his sexuality.

• Bancroft, whose character is a generation older than Hoffman's, was only six years his senior in real life.

• Dustin Hoffman, who is playing a twenty year old college graduate, was actually 29 during filming and 30 when the film was released.

• Warren Beatty was originally offered the role of Benjamin Braddock, but he turned it down, due to filming of Bonnie and Clyde.

• Burt Ward was also offered the role of Benjamin, only to decline because he chose to renew his contract with the Batman television series. When the film became a success, Hoffman got an Academy Award nomination for the role, and Ward was typecast as Robin the Boy Wonder. He has openly regretted turning down the part.

• Natalie Wood tested but was turned down for the role of Elaine.

• Patricia Neal was the first choice of producers to play Mrs. Robinson, but she turned the role down because she had not yet fully recovered from her stroke to take on the lead role in a film.

• Actress and singer Doris Day was also approached to play Mrs. Robinson, but passed on the offer.

• When work on the adaptation of the book began back in late 1962, Marilyn Monroe was slated to play Mrs. Robinson.

• In the opening scene of Robert Altman's 1992 film The Player, a writer, (Buck Henry), can be heard talking to Griffin Mill (Tim Robbins), discussing making a sequel to The Graduate with the same actors reprising their roles. Presumably, Mrs. Robinson, now elderly, would be forced to move in with Benjamin and Elaine, who by now have an adult daughter. In 2005, the romantic comedy Rumor Has It was based on the idea that there was a real-life "Mrs. Robinson" and "Benjamin Braddock."

• Although the college from which Benjamin becomes "the Graduate" is unnamed, it is presumed to be Williams College. The film is based on the book of the same name by Charles Webb, a Williams graduate.

• Some of the exterior shots of Benjamin on the UC Berkeley campus were actually filmed on the campus of the University of Southern California. Other scenes were filmed on the Berkeley campus, on Durant Avenue in Berkeley, and on Telegraph Avenue as well.

• The car that Benjamin drives in the film is a red 1966 Alfa Romeo Spider 1600 "Duetto". 1966 was the first production year of the car.

• The original screenplay had the movie opening with Benjamin delivering a valedictory speech at his college commencement. The ceremony is outdoors and Benjamin is using notes on sheets of paper to aid his speech. Having rhetorically asked what the point of college was he begins to explain the reasons are obvious. At that point a gust of wind blows his note sheets off the podium leaving Benjamin unable to explain what it was all about. He is left stammerring at the podium "it's because, it's because..." only to awaken from his dream to find the jetliner he is riding in is about to land. This foreshadowing was not included in the movie and the opening scenes show Benjamin on the airplane as it lands, then standing on the moving walkway in the airport terminal looking lost and forlorn.

• Anne Bancroft's line "I am not trying to seduce you" has been used as a sample in multiple songs, including George Michael's Too funky from 1992 and one of the later versions of Los del Rio's Macarena from 1995.

• William Daniels, who played Benjamin's father Mr. Braddock, is famous not only for his role as the voice of K.I.T.T. on the 1980s television program Knight Rider, but also as the obsessive-compulsive surgeon Mark Craig in the 1980s hospital drama St. Elsewhere; Daniels played a prominent role in a 1985 St. Elsewhere episode that spoofed The Graduate, in which young surgical resident Victor Ehrlich was to be married, but was seduced away from his ceremony by a beautiful woman driving a red Alfa Romeo convertible (the same model as Benjamin drove in the film). Victor then has rush through town to make it to his wedding on time, in scenes written to echo Hoffman's frantic rush to reach the church.

• Elizabeth Wilson, who played Benjamin's mother, Mrs. Braddock, was a familiar face on television during the 1970s, guest-starring in such series as All in the Family, and The Mary Tyler Moore Show; among her other film roles, she played a pivotal role in the 1980 workplace comedy Nine to Five.

• Murray Hamilton, who played Mr. Robinson, is best known for playing the mayor in Jaws.

• Richard Dreyfuss has his first role in this movie, a small and uncredited one, and only one line: "Shall I call the cops? I'll call the cops."

• Veteran actresses Marion Lorne and Alice Ghostly appear together in a brief party scene. The pairing was somewhat ironic, for Ghostly would go on to costar on the sitcom Bewitched, in a role largely designed to replace Lorne's character when that actress died in May 1968.

[edit] Goofs

• One scene shows Ben Braddock driving to Berkeley on the Bay Bridge, but he is on the top level, which actually leads to San Francisco, not the East Bay.
• The tunnel shown in the movie is actually on the northbound, not southbound, side of Highway 101.

[edit] On the stage

John Reid (Music) produced a play in 2000, adapted from the movie, which was a hit both in London's West End and on Broadway and has toured the United States. Several actresses have starred as Mrs. Robinson, including Kathleen Turner, Jerry Hall and Linda Gray. The Broadway production in 2002 starred Kathleen Turner, Jason Biggs, and Alicia Silverstone.

The play often receives media attention due to a sequence that requires the (often notable) actress playing Mrs. Robinson to disrobe and act a scene in the nude. Some productions of the play also incorporate an on-stage topless love scene involving the Mrs. Robinson character.

[edit] In Popular Culture

• The opening credit sequence of Ben on the moving sidewalk is replicated in the opening of Quentin Tarantino's film Jackie Brown as well as a recent commercial for Geico insurance.

• The famous line, "Mrs. Robinson, you're trying to seduce me," (and matching camera shot from under Mrs. Robinson's leg) have been referenced many times in parodies. Some examples:
  • On an episode of The Simpsons (Lisa's Substitute), Mr. Bergstrom (voiced by Hoffman himself) says the line to Mrs. Krabappel.
  • The Graduate was also referenced in another episode of The Simpsons in Lady Bouvier's Lover; minutes before Mrs. Bouvier becomes Mrs. Montgomery Burns, in a scene similar to one from The Graduate, Grampa crashes the ceremony by arguing that Mrs. Bouvier not be married to Mr. Burns. She declares that she does not want to marry either man, and they hop on a bus and look anxious about their future, while a parody of "Sound of silence" ("Sounds of Grandpa") is played.
  • On a 1988 episode of Saturday Night Live, Matthew Broderick (playing Dan Quayle) says the line to Nancy Reagan (played by Jan Hooks).
  • A similiar line is said in Van Wilder when he attempts to seduce the Dean for personal gain.
  • The final wedding scene in this film when Ben crashes the wedding and runs off with Elaine was replicated in Wayne's World 2.

[edit] Status of sequel

Charles Webb has written a sequel to his original novel The Graduate, entitled Home School, but initially refused to publish it in its entirety because of a contract he signed in the 1960s. When he sold exploitation rights to The Graduate, he also surrendered film rights to any sequels. If he were to publish Home School, Canal+, the French media company that owns the rights to The Graduate, would be able to adapt it for the screen without his permission. [1]

Extracts of Home School were printed in The Times on May 2, 2006. [2] Webb also told the newspaper that there was a possibility he would find a publisher for the full text, provided he could retrieve the film rights using French intellectual property law.[3]

On 30th May 2006 The Times reported [4] that Webb had signed a publishing deal for Home School with Random House which he hoped would enable him to instruct the French lawyers to attempt to retrieve his rights. The novel is due out in Britain in the summer of 2007.

In 2005, Rob Reiner released Rumor Has It... in which Jennifer Aniston plays the daughter of a family from Pasadena. Upon realization that it was her family who inspired Charles Webb to write The Graduate, she seeks out Benjamin Braddock's character, whose name is Beau Burroughs, played by Kevin Costner.

[edit] External links

• The Graduate at the Internet Movie Database
• The Graduate at Filmsite.org
• The Graduate Fanlisting
• NPR feature on movie
• Variety, May 15, 2005 'The Perfect Pic Alignment' by Peter Bart