Timothy Coughlin
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Timothy ("Tim") Coughlin (sometimes spelled "Couglan") (1906 - 1928) was a member of the IRA, mainly known for his part in assassinating Kevin O'Higgins in 1927 and for the controversy surrounding the circumstances of his death in 1928.
The second-eldest in a family of nine, Coughlin lived with his parents in the family home in Inchicore, Dublin. While only in his teens during the Irish War of Independence, he took up arms against the Black and Tans and later against the Free State forces in the Irish Civil War.
As a known member of the Dublin Brigade of the IRA, he was interned by the "Free Staters" during the Civil War, but if anything became even more active and determined to continue the fighting though his side had lost the war. Together with two fellow-detainees - Archie Doyle and Bill Gannon - he took part in forming a secret "vnegeance grouping". The three vowed that once free of imprisonment they would take revenge on their opponents, whom they considered traitors to the Irish cause.
Most such private revenge pacts were broken up by the IRA leadership when it reorganised following 1924, but Coughlin and his two fellow conspirators persisted and carried through their deadly aim. On July 10, 1927, the three surprised Justice Minister Kevin O'Higgins on his way to Mass at the Booterstown Avenue side of Cross Avenue in Blackrock, County Dublin and shot him down. (By one version, as he lay dying O'Higgins declared his forgiveness of his killers.)
O'higgins was especially hated by IRA members for having ordered the executions of seventy-seven of their fellows during the Civil War, an act for which he outspokenly took responsibilty and refused to express any remorse. Moreover, he was a dominant member of the Free State government and the conspirators had good reasons to believe that his death would weaken it.
Coughlin and his fellows managed to escape after the O'Higgins assassination, but he was killed half a year later, on the evening of January 28, 1928, in circumstances which remain controvesial up to the present. On that day he and another IRA "Volunteer", who may have been Archie Doyle, were on Dublin's Dartry Road, opposite 'Woodpark Lodge', at the time the home of Sean Harling - a former IRA comrade-in-arms turned government informer.
Harling later claimed that upon his arrival home he noticed Coughlin and Doyle, that one of them shot at him, that he pulled his gun while running and shot back in self-defence, and that later he went out to investigate and found Coughlin's body lying in the street. His version was accepted by the tribunal which looked into the case, and he was not charged.
However, the IRA claimed at the time - and radical Irish nationalists continue to claim up to the present - that Coughlin was in fact ambushed and in effect extrajudicially executed. This version is especially supported by the autopsy carried out by Dr. Wilfred Lane which "amongst other anomalies, discovered that the IRA man died as a result of being shot in the back of his head". Also, the doctor found a cigrette butt in his mouth, which again indicated he had been caught unaware and killed, and tenants on Dartry Road testified that there had been unusual police activity that evening and that they heard more shots than mentioned in Harling's account.
The Dublin IRA Brigade admitted that it did intend to liquidate Harling, who had betrayed IRA weapons dumps to the government and who - using his former Republican credentials - was agitating among IRA supporters and calling for "a change in the IRA leadership", allegedly on orders from his government "controller" David Neligan.
However, the IRA claimed that Coughlin and Doyle had been engaged in preliminary surveillance only, and had no intention to attack Harling that evening. This is supported by the fact that, even according to Harling's version, thay did not open fire until he noticed them - even though they were in place, at a location overlooking his house, before he arrived.
Whatever the truth of the matter, in the wake of this affair Harling - feeling in danger of his life - asked and got Neligan's help in departing for America.
