Tonkin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Tonkin, also spelled Tongkin or Tongking, is the northernmost part of Vietnam, south of China's Yunnan and Guangxi Provinces, east of northern Laos, and west of the Gulf of Tonkin. Locally, it is known as Bắc Kỳ, meaning "Northern Region". Located on the fertile delta of the Red River, Tonkin is rich in rice production.
The term derives from Đông Kinh (東京), a former name of Hanoi, which was the capital of Vietnam since the 7th century. (The name means "eastern capital", and is identical in meaning and written form in Chinese characters to that of Tokyo.)
France assumed sovereignty over all of Vietnam after the Franco-Chinese War (1884-1885). The French colonial government then divided Vietnam into three different administrative territories. They named the territories: Tonkin (in the north), Annam (in the center), and Cochinchina (in the south). These territories were fairly arbitrary in their geographic extent. The vast majority of the Vietnamese regarded their country as a single land and fought for much of the next 90 years to achieve unification.
Note: the area of Tonkin under the French administration roughly matched that of the core area of historical Vietnam. Starting around 100 BC the land was given the name Jiāozhǐ (交趾). Around 650 AD it was renamed Annam by the government of the Tang Dynasty. Later, it was called Dai Co Viet by the Ly Dynasty and then Dai Viet by the Tran Dynasty.
Cornus hongkongensis subsp. tonkinensis is a subspecies of the dogwood plant Cornus hongkongensis which can be found in Tonkin. Tonkinomys daovantieni is a murine rodent that was named after this region.
