Satelit mata-mata

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Satelit Corona KH-4B

Satelit mata-mata radar Lacrosse dalam konstruksi

Satelit mata-mata adalah sebuah satelit pengamat Bumi atau satelit komunikasi yang digunakan untuk militer atau mata-mata. Sampain dengan 1970-an dan bahkan 1980-an, banyak satelit mata-mata yang mengambil foto akan mengeluarkan sebuah kaleng teromol film fotografi, yang akan turun ke bumi dan diambil di udara saat mereka melayang turun dengan parasut.

Di Amerika Serikat, banyak informasi tersedia dalam program yang berakhir sampai 1972. Beberapa informasi tentang program sebelum waktu itu masih dirahasiakan. Beberapa gambar dari satelit mata-mata diumumkan, atau bocor, sebagaimana dalam kasus pemfotoan KH-11 yang dikirim ke Jane's Defence Weekly pada 1985.

Contoh misi satelit mata-mata:

fotografi resolusi tinggi (IMINT)
komunikasi mendengar secara diam-diam (SIGINT)
komunikasi terselubung (HUMINT)
pemaksaan pelarangan tes nuklir
pendeteksian peluncuran misil

Jenis satelit mata-mata

Amerika Serikat
- Lacrosse/Onyx
- Misty/Zirconic
- Samos
- Quasar
- Vela

Key Hole (KH) series of imaging satellites:

Masa Nama Kode nama
atau nama julukan Optika Catatan

1959–1972 KH-1 to
KH-4 Corona Resolution: 7.5 m, 2.75 m, 1.8 m
Focal length: 0.6 m First known series of US spy satellites; photographs returned by film canister ejection.

1960–1962 – Samos Res: 30 to 1.5 m
Foc len: 0.7 to 1.83 m Most flights used radio to relay images; some film returns; probably cancelled due to poor-quality imagery

1961–1964 KH-5 Argon Res: 140 m
Foc len: 76 mm Film return

1963 KH-6 Lanyard Res: 1.8 m
Foc len: 1.67 m Shortlived operation for imaging a specific site; used a camera from the Samos program; film return

1963–1967 KH-7 Gambit Res: 0.46 m Film return

1966–1984 KH-8 Gambit Res: 0.5 m Film return

1971–1986 KH-9 Hexagon
Big Bird Res: 0.30 m Film return

cancelled KH-10 Dorian Manned Orbiting Laboratory; space station based on Gemini program

1976–1995 KH-11 Crystal
Kennan Res: 0.15 m
Mirror: 2.3 m First known digital imaging spy satellite.

1990?–present? KH-12 Ikon
Improved Crystal Res: 0.15 to 0.10? m
Mirror: 2.4 to 4? m Digital imaging; possible "live" intelligence gathering

1999?–present? KH-13 8X? EIS? Res: 0.10? to 0.04? m
Mirror: 4? m Very little known; possibly includes radar imaging or maybe stealth technology

Masa	Nama	Kode nama atau nama julukan	Optika	Catatan
1959–1972	KH-1 to KH-4	Corona	Resolution: 7.5 m, 2.75 m, 1.8 m Focal length: 0.6 m	First known series of US spy satellites; photographs returned by film canister ejection.
1960–1962	–	Samos	Res: 30 to 1.5 m Foc len: 0.7 to 1.83 m	Most flights used radio to relay images; some film returns; probably cancelled due to poor-quality imagery
1961–1964	KH-5	Argon	Res: 140 m Foc len: 76 mm	Film return
1963	KH-6	Lanyard	Res: 1.8 m Foc len: 1.67 m	Shortlived operation for imaging a specific site; used a camera from the Samos program; film return
1963–1967	KH-7	Gambit	Res: 0.46 m	Film return
1966–1984	KH-8	Gambit	Res: 0.5 m	Film return
1971–1986	KH-9	Hexagon Big Bird	Res: 0.30 m	Film return
cancelled	KH-10	Dorian		Manned Orbiting Laboratory; space station based on Gemini program
1976–1995	KH-11	Crystal Kennan	Res: 0.15 m Mirror: 2.3 m	First known digital imaging spy satellite.
1990?–present?	KH-12	Ikon Improved Crystal	Res: 0.15 to 0.10? m Mirror: 2.4 to 4? m	Digital imaging; possible "live" intelligence gathering
1999?–present?	KH-13	8X? EIS?	Res: 0.10? to 0.04? m Mirror: 4? m	Very little known; possibly includes radar imaging or maybe stealth technology