Vorlin
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Il vorlin è una lingua artificiale sviluppata negli anni novanta da Rick Harrison. Harrison era l'editore della rivista Journal of Planned Languages e preparò una bibliografia dettagliata delle lingue artificiali. Sia l'autore che la lingua ricevettero il rispetto dalla comunità delle lingue artificiali.
Il principio alla base del Vorlin è che dovrebbe essere "un compromesso tra criteri tecnici ed estetici" and "avoidance of extremes". Questo concetto è la definizione della parola vorlin vor, la prima sillaba contenuto nel nome della lingua, mentre lin vuol dire "lingua".
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[modifica] Storia
Il vorlin fu pubblicato per la prima volta il 21 marzo 1991. L'obbiettivo era quello di creare una lingua ausiliaria internazionale ottimale, seguendo i principi espressi da Rick Harrison nel suo articolo "Proposed Guidelines for the Design of an Optimal International Auxiliary Language" (Linee guida proposte per la progettazione di una lingua ausiliaria internazionale ottimale). Nel 1997, tuttavia, Harrison annunciò nel suo articolo "Farewell to Auxiliary Languages" that he had given up work on creating an IAL. Nevertheless, the Vorlin project continued and received support, maintaining the initial design principles.
The language underwent drastic changes during the late 1990s as Harrison and Vorlin supporters conducted experiments. With the publication of the document "The Language Vorlin" at June 21, 1999, Harrison declared the basic structure permanent.
In 2002, Rick Harrison announced that he was putting Vorlin "into the freezer for a while," leaving open the possibility that he would revisit the matter in a few years. As of 2005, nothing new has come from Harrison regarding Vorlin.
[modifica] Caratteristiche principali
Quella che segue è una descrizione del vorlin come si presenta nella sua ultima revisione risalente al 1999.
[modifica] Cultura
In "The Language Vorlin", Rick Harrison descrive la "nazione di Vor", che può essere intesa come un prototipo di cultura immaginaria, una caratteristica cmune delle lingue artistiche. That is consistent with his later preference of artistic languages over auxiliary languages. The culture is reflected in the design, which strives to achieve cultural neutrality and to find the middle ground.
These are some interesting cultural elements:
- The decimal point is neither comma nor period. It is the middle dot "·" (U+00B7).
- There is a Vorlin calendar using the year-dot-day format, defining March 21, 1991 as "0·001".
- There are Vorlin units of measurement: 1 suŋ = 175 cm, 1 paŋ = 175 lb (avoirdupois).
[modifica] Alfabeto e suono
Vorlin uses the whole set of Latin alphabet with one exception. The letter "q" once represented the "ng" sound [ŋ], but in 1999, Harrison replaced it with a character unique to Vorlin: "an n with a crossed tail". The eng "ŋ" (U+014B) character was an acceptable alternative. During that time when Unicode was not popular, he allowed the micro sign "µ" (U+00B5), available in Latin-1, as a stop-gap, and the old "q" as a last resort.
The chart below shows the order of letters, their sounds, and their names in Vorlin. Each letter represents one phoneme.
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[modifica] Parole e morfologia
Vorlin generally has self-segregating morphemes. It is considered a posteriori, adopting its words from a number of sources, mostly from Germanic, Slavonic, Latinate and Sinitic languages. A few words are a priori, and a few are taken from other artificial languages.
Basic root words are nouns. They are built in a manner comparable to Volapük, CVC, CVCVC, CVCVCVC, and so forth. Suffixes may have the form V, VC and VCC. Function words may take other forms. Compound words are formed by agglutination. They will not have more than two consecutive consonants and will not begin with a consonant cluster. Vorlin allows borrowing of foreign terms, which may not follow the rules for native words.
Open word classes other than nouns are formed by adding suffixes. The five vowels are the most central to the design.
| Root Word | -a adjectives |
-e adverbs |
-i intransitive verbs |
-o transitive verbs |
-u prepositions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sal salt |
sala saline |
salo¹ to salt |
|||
| gut goodness |
guta good |
gute well |
guti be good |
||
| lok place |
loko being at |
loku at |
|||
| luk happiness |
luka happy |
luke happily |
luki be happy |
luko be happy towards... |
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| lop running |
lopi run |
||||
| bev drinking |
bevo drink |
- ¹Discussions later preferred disallowing that construct.
The language has very little inflections. Nouns are not marked for definiteness, number or gender. Verbs are not marked for tense, but there are several aspect markers. There are also affixes for causatives, degree, agent, patient, and so on.
Capital letters are reserved for proper nouns only. When proper nouns form compounds, there is only capital letter at the beginning of the proper noun. Even the beginning of a sentence is not capitalized.
[modifica] Sintassi
The basic word order is subject-verb-object (SVO). A simple intransitive sentence can have SV or VS syntax. Adjective and adverbs appear before the words they modify; prepositional phrases generally appear after the items they modify. There is a relative clause structure, enclosed by wel ... da to appear before the noun it modifies. The nominalized clause structure is enclosed by ke ... das, where das may be omitted at the end of a sentence.
Questions are formed by appending ma or inserting question words without changing word order. Commands are formed by beginning with du (do) or ne (do not).
[modifica] Specimen
laho Migel. = Ciao, Miguel.
ti fili ma? = Come stai?
ya fili. = Sto bene.
ku filo don buk? = Quale libro gli/le piace?
buk loko yas hus. = Il libro è a casa mia.
men lokakso yas hus re buk. = The book was put in my house.
yas sib lokakso yas hus re roda buk. = My brother/sister put the red book in my house.
ya havo yun hansib wan dus femsib. = Ho un fratello e due sorelle.
ya vilo vidakso buk loku yas hus re ti. = Voglio mostrarti il libro a casa mia.
wel tis kat fajo da ful pe gute gani. = The bird that your cat ate used to sing nicely.
mer luka ful mer gute gani. = Un uccello felice canta meglio.
ku vilo ke ya fajo tan le pitsa. = He/she wants me to eat this pizza.
hanku libo femku. femku non libo hanku. = Lui ama lei. Lei non ama lui.
ne libo wel non kuno libo ti da diŋ. = Don't love a thing that cannot love you.
loha. = Goodbye.
[modifica] Collegamenti esterni
- The Language Vorlin, by Rick Harrison, is the most elaborate description of the language.
- Incomplete arhives from the Internet Archive include some sample texts and other material missing from the truncated presentation on the current site:
- The Vorlin Yahoo! Group.
- Vorlin - Conlang Profile at Langmaker.com.
- Proposed Guidelines for the Design of an Optimal International Auxiliary Language, by Rick Harrison, expressed his criteria of an optimal IAL, which guided his development of Vorlin.
- Farewell to Auxiliary Languages, by Rick Harrison, expressed his feelings on the futility of the optimal IAL debate.
