Dpkg

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dpkg是Debian软件包管理器的基础，它被伊恩·杰克逊创建于1993年。 dpkg与RPM十分相似, 同样被用于安装、卸载和供给和.deb软件包相关的信息。 dpkg本身是一个底层的工具。上层的工具，像是APT，被用于从远程获取软件包以及处理复杂的软件包关系。

The Debian package "dpkg" provides the dpkg program, as well as several others necessary for run-time functioning of the packaging system, including dpkg-statoverride, dpkg-divert and update-alternatives. It also includes the programs such as start-stop-daemon and install-info, and the latter is kept mostly due to backwards compatibility (it is developed and distributed separately nowadays). The Debian package "dpkg-dev" includes the numerous build tools described below.

[编辑] 创建deb包

Dpkgs are usually built by calling dpkg-buildpackage. dpkg-buildpackage reads several files to figure out how to build the package. These files are located in the debian subdirectory of a source tree.

There are 4 required files. The copyright file contains license terms. The control file contains the package name, description, and dependencies. The rules file is a Makefile that has rules for building a debian package. Programs from the debhelper program suite are often called in the rules file. In addition, some packages include Makefile snippets from CDBS, greatly simplifying the rules file. Finally there is the changelog file, which predictably contains the changelog. Most packages also include other files for doing various things.

Once a Debian package is built, it can be checked for common problems using the lintian tool.

[编辑] dpkg构建工具

Debian has a series of tools that have to be called to construct a package. They are the following:

dpkg-source packs and unpacks the source files of a Debian package.
dpkg-deb packs and unpacks binary packages
dpkg-gencontrol reads the information from an unpacked Debian tree source and generates a binary package control package, creating an entry for this in Debian/files.
dpkg-shlibdeps calculates the dependencies of runs with respect to libraries.
dpkg-genchanges reads the information from an unpacked Debian tree source that once constructed creates a control file (.changes).
dpkg-buildpackage is a control script that can be used to construct the package automatically.
dpkg-distaddfile adds a file input to debian/files.
dpkg-parsechangelog reads the changes file (changelog) of an unpacked Debian tree source and creates a conveniently prepared output with the information for those changes.