38th United States Congress
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The Thirty-eighth United States Congress was a meeting of the United States national legislature, comprised of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1863 to March 3, 1865, during the last two years of the first administration of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Seventh Census of the United States in 1860. Both chambers had a Republican majority.
[edit] Dates of Sessions
- Special session of the Senate: March 4, 1863 – March 14, 1863
- First session: December 2, 1863 - July 4, 1864
- Second session: December 5, 1864 - March 3, 1865 — a lame duck session
Previous congress: 37th Congress
Next congress: 39th Congress
[edit] Major events
- Main article: Events of 1863; Events of 1864; Events of 1865
[edit] Major legislation
It was this Congress which proposed to the state legislatures for ratification what later became the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution that outlawed slavery uniformly throughout the nation.
[edit] Party summary
[edit] Senate
- Republicans: 33
- Democrats: 10
- Unconditinal Unionists: 5
- Unionists: 4
TOTAL members: 52
[edit] House of Representatives
- Republicans: 86
- Democrats: 72
- Unconditional Unionists: 16
- Unionists: 9
- Independent Republicans: 2
TOTAL members: 185
- delegates: 10
[edit] Leadership
[edit] Senate
- President of the Senate:
- President pro tempore of the Senate:
- Solomon Foot, Republican of Vermont, first elected in this Congress March 4, 1863.
- Daniel Clark Republican of New Hampshire, first elected April 26, 1864.
[edit] House of Representatives
- Speaker of the House:
- Schuyler Colfax, Republican of Indiana, elected December 7, 1863.
[edit] Party Leadership
[edit] Senate
- Republican Conference Chairman:
[edit] House of Representatives
- Republican Conference Chairman:
[edit] Members
At this time, Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Nearly all of the members of the House of Representatives were elected to single member districts, by popular vote.
- See also: Thirty-eighth United States Congress - State Delegations
- See also: Thirty-eighth United States Congress - Political Parties
- See also: United States House election, 1862
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district. Also listed at the end are the delegates from the then-existing organized territories.
[edit] Senate
- California
- James A. McDougall (1817-1867), Democratic
- John Conness (1821-1909), Republican
- Connecticut
- Lafayette S. Foster (1806-1880), Republican
- James Dixon (1814-1873), Republican
- Delaware
- James A. Bayard, Jr. (1799-1880), Democratic ...resigned January 29, 1864.
- George R. Riddle (1817-1867), Democratic ...elected to fill vacancy, seated February 2, 1864.
- Willard Saulsbury, Sr. (1820-1892), Democratic
- Illinois
- Lyman Trumbull (1813-1896), Democratic
- William A. Richardson (1811-1875), Democratic
- Indiana
- Henry S. Lane (1811-1881), Republican
- Thomas A. Hendricks (1819-1885), Democratic
- Iowa
- James Harlan (1820-1899), Republican
- James W. Grimes (1816-1872), Republican
- Kansas
- Samuel C. Pomeroy (1816-1891), Republican
- James H. Lane (1814-1866), Republican
- Kentucky
- Lazarus W. Powell (1812-1867), Democratic
- Garrett Davis (1801-1872), Unionist
- Maine
- William Pitt Fessenden (1806-1869), Republican ...resigned July 1, 1864.
- Nathan A. Farwell (1812-1893), Republican ...appointed to fill vacancy, seated December 5, 1864, subsequently elected
- Lot M. Morrill (1813-1883), Republican
- Maryland
- Thomas H. Hicks (1798-1865), Unionist ...died February 14, 1865.
- Reverdy Johnson (1796-1876), Democratic
- Massachusetts
- Charles Sumner (1811-1874), Republican
- Henry Wilson (1812-1875), Republican
- Michigan
- Zachariah Chandler (1813-1879), Republican
- Jacob M. Howard (1805-1871), Republican
- Minnesota
- Morton S. Wilkinson (1819-1894), Republican
- Alexander Ramsey (1815-1903), Republican
- Missouri
- John B. Henderson (1826-1913), Unionist
- Robert Wilson (1803-1870), Unionist …appointed to fill vacancy, served until November 13, 1863.
- B. Gratz Brown (1826-1885), Unconditional Unionist ...elected to fill vacancy from preceding Congress, seated December 14, 1863.
- Nevada
- William M. Stewart (1827-1909), Republican ...new state, seated February 1, 1865.
- James W. Nye (1815-1876), Republican ...new state, seated February 1, 1865.
- New Hampshire
- John P. Hale (1806-1873), Republican
- Daniel Clark (1809-1891), Republican
- New Jersey
- John C. Ten Eyck (1814-1879), Republican
- William Wright (1794-1866), Democratic
- New York
- Ira Harris (1802-1875), Republican
- Edwin D. Morgan (1811-1883), Republican
- Ohio
- Benjamin F. Wade (1800-1878), Republican
- John Sherman (1823-1900), Republican
- Oregon
- James W. Nesmith (1820-1885), Democratic
- Benjamin F. Harding (1823-1899), Democratic
- Pennsylvania
- Edgar Cowan (1815-1885), Republican
- Charles R. Buckalew (1821-1899), Democratic
- Rhode Island
- Henry B. Anthony (1815-1884), Republican
- William Sprague (1830-1915), Republican
- Vermont
- Solomon Foot (1802-1866), Republican
- Jacob Collamer (1791-1865), Republican
- Virginia
- John S. Carlile (1817-1878), Unionist
- Lemuel J. Bowden (1815-1864), Republican
- West Virginia
- Peter G. Van Winkle (1808-1872), Unionist
- Waitman T. Willey (1811-1900), Unionist
- Wisconsin
- James R. Doolittle (1815-1897), Republican
- Timothy O. Howe (1816-1883), Republican
[edit] House of Representatives
- California
- 1. Thomas B. Shannon (1827-1897), Republican
- 2. William Higby (1813-1887), Republican
- 3. Cornelius Cole (1822-1924), Republican
- Connecticut
- 1. Henry C. Deming (1815-1872), Republican
- 2. James E. English (1812-1890), Democratic
- 3. Augustus Brandegee (1828-1904), Republican
- 4. John H. Hubbard (1804-1872), Republican
- Delaware
- A/L. William Temple (1814-1863), Democratic ...died May 28, 1863, before Congress assembled.
- Nathaniel B. Smithers (1818-1896), Unconditional Unionist ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1863.
- Illinois
- 1. Isaac N. Arnold (1815-1884), Republican
- 2. John F. Farnsworth (1820-1897), Republican
- 3. Elihu B. Washburne (1816-1887), Republican
- 4. Charles M. Harris (1821-1896), Democratic
- 5. Owen Lovejoy (1811-1864), Republican ...died March 25, 1864.
- Ebon C. Ingersoll (1831-1879), Republican ...elected to fill vacancy, seated May 20, 1864.
- 6. Jesse O. Norton (1812-1875), Republican
- 7. John R. Eden (1826-1909), Democratic
- 8. John T. Stuart (1807-1885), Democratic
- 9. Lewis W. Ross (1812-1895), Democratic
- 10. Anthony L. Knapp (1828-1881), Democratic
- 11. James C. Robinson (1823-1886), Democratic
- 12. William R. Morrison (1824-1909), Democratic
- 13. William J. Allen (1829-1901), Democratic
- A/L James C. Allen (1822-1912), Democratic
- Indiana
- 1. John Law (1796-1873), Democratic
- 2. James A. Cravens (1818-1893), Democratic
- 3. H.W. Harrington (1825-1882), Democratic
- 4. William S. Holman (1822-1897), Democratic
- 5. George W. Julian (1817-1899), Republican
- 6. Ebenezer Dumont (1814-1871), Republican
- 7. Daniel W. Voorhees (1827-1897), Democratic
- 8. Godlove S. Orth (1817-1882), Republican
- 9. Schuyler Colfax (1823-1885), Republican
- 10. Joseph K. Edgerton (1818-1893), Democratic
- 11. James F. McDowell (1825-1887), Democratic
- Iowa
- 1. James F. Wilson (1828-1895), Republican
- 2. Hiram Price (1814-1901), Republican
- 3. William B. Allison (1829-1908), Republican
- 4. Josiah B. Grinnell (1821-1891), Republican
- 5. John A. Kasson (1822-1910), Republican
- 6. Asahel W. Hubbard (1819-1879), Republican
- Kansas
- A/L. A. Carter Wilder (1828-1875), Republican
- Kentucky
- 1. Lucien Anderson (1824-1898), Unconditional Unionist
- 2. George H. Yeaman (1829-1908), Unionist
- 3. Henry Grider (1796-1866), Unionist
- 4. Aaron Harding (1805-1875), Unionist
- 5. Robert Mallory (1815-1885), Unionist
- 6. Green C. Smith (1826-1895), Unconditional Unionist
- 7. Brutus J. Clay (1808-1878), Unionist
- 8. William H. Randall (1812-1881), Unconditional Unionist
- 9. William H. Wadsworth (1821-1893), Unionist
- Maine
- 1. L.D.M. Sweat (1818-1898), Democratic
- 2. Sidney Perham (1819-1907), Republican
- 3. James G. Blaine (1830-1893), Republican
- 4. John H. Rice (1816-1911), Republican
- 5. Frederick A. Pike (1816-1886), Republican
- Maryland
- 1. John A.J. Creswell (1828-1891), Republican
- 2. Edwin H. Webster (1829-1893), Unconditional Unionist
- 3. Henry Winter Davis (1817-1865), Unconditional Unionist
- 4. Francis Thomas (1799-1876), Unconditional Unionist
- 5. Benjamin G. Harris (1805-1895), Democratic
- Massachusetts
- 1. Thomas D. Eliot (1808-1870), Republican
- 2. Oakes Ames (1804-1873), Republican
- 3. Alexander H. Rice (1818-1895), Republican
- 4. Samuel Hooper (1808-1875), Republican
- 5. John B. Alley (1817-1896), Republican
- 6. Daniel W. Gooch (1820-1891), Republican
- 7. George S. Boutwell (1818-1905), Republican
- 8. John D. Baldwin (1809-1883), Republican
- 9. William B. Washburn (1820-1887), Republican
- 10 Henry L. Dawes (1816-1903), Republican
- Michigan
- 1. Fernando C. Beaman (1814-1882), Republican
- 2. Charles Upson (1821-1885), Republican
- 3. John W. Longyear (1820-1875), Republican
- 4. Francis W. Kellogg (1810-1879), Republican
- 5. Augustus C. Baldwin (1817-1903), Democratic
- 6. John F. Driggs (1813-1877), Republican
- Minnesota
- 1. William Windom (1827-1891), Republican
- 2. Ignatius Donnelly (1831-1901), Republican
- Missouri
- 1. Francis P. Blair, Jr. (1821-1875), Republican ...contested election, served until June 10, 1864.
- 2. Henry T. Blow (1817-1875), Unconditional Unionist
- 3. John W. Noell (1816-1863), Unconditional Unionist ...died March 14, 1863, before Congress assembled.
- John G. Scott (1819-1892), Democratic ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1863.
- 4. Sempronius H. Boyd (1828-1894), Unconditional Unionist
- 5. Joseph W. McClurg (1818-1900), Unconditional Unionist
- 6. Austin A. King (1802-1870), Unconditional Unionist
- 7. Benjamin F. Loan (1819-1881), Republican
- 8. William A. Hall (1815-1888), Unconditional Unionist
- 9. James S. Rollins (1812-1888), Unconditional Unionist
- Nevada
- A/L. Henry G. Worthington (1828-1909), Republican ...new state, seated December 21, 1864.
- New Hampshire
- 1. Daniel Marcy (1809-1893), Democratic
- 2. Edward H. Rollins (1824-1889), Republican
- 3. James W. Patterson (1823-1893), Republican
- New Jersey
- 1. John F. Starr (1818-1904), Republican
- 2. George Middleton (1800-1888), Democratic
- 3. William G. Steele (1820-1892), Democratic
- 4. Andrew J. Rogers (1828-1900), Democratic
- 5. Nehemiah Perry (1816-1881), Democratic
- New York
- 1. H.G. Stebbins (1811-1881), Democratic ...resigned October 24, 1864.
- Dwight Townsend (1826-1899), Democratic ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 5, 1864.
- 2. Martin Kalbfleisch (1804-1873), Democratic
- 3. Moses F. Odell (1818-1866), Democratic
- 4. Benjamin Wood (1820-1900), Democratic
- 5. Fernando Wood (1812-1881), Democratic
- 6. Elijah Ward (1816-1882), Democratic
- 7. John W. Chanler (1826-1877), Democratic
- 8. James Brooks (1810-1873), Democratic
- 9. Anson Herrick (1812-1868), Democratic
- 10. William Radford (1814-1870), Democratic
- 11. Charles H. Winfield (1822-1888), Democratic
- 12. Homer A. Nelson (1829-1891), Democratic
- 13. John B. Steele (1814-1866), Democratic
- 14. Erastus Corning (1794-1872), Democratic ...resigned October 5, 1863, before Congress assembled.
- John V.L. Pruyn (1811-1877), Democratic ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1863.
- 15. John A. Griswold (1822-1872), Democratic
- 16. Orlando Kellogg (1809-1865), Republican
- 17. Calvin T. Hulburd (1809-1897), Republican
- 18. James M. Marvin (1809-1901), Republican
- 19. Samuel F. Miller (1827-1892), Republican
- 20 A.W. Clark (1810-1887), Republican
- 21. Francis Kernan (1816-1892), Democratic
- 22. DeWitt C. Littlejohn (1818-1892), Republican
- 23. Thomas T. Davis (1810-1872), Republican
- 24. Theodore M. Pomeroy (1824-1905), Republican
- 25. Daniel Morris (1812-1889), Republican
- 26. Giles W. Hotchkiss (1815-1878), Republican
- 27. Robert B. Van Valkenburgh (1821-1888), Republican
- 28. Freeman Clarke (1809-1887), Republican
- 29. Augustus Frank (1826-1895), Republican
- 30. John Ganson (1818-1874), Democratic
- 31. Reuben E. Fenton (1819-1885), Republican ...resigned December 20, 1864.
- Ohio
- 1. George H. Pendleton (1825-1889), Democratic
- 2. Alexander Long (1816-1886), Democratic
- 3. Robert C. Schenck (1809-1890), Republican
- 4. J.F. McKinney (1827-1903), Democratic
- 5. Francis C. Le Blond (1821-1902), Democratic
- 6. Chilton A. White (1826-1900), Democratic
- 7. Samuel S. Cox (1824-1889), Democratic
- 8. William Johnston (1819-1866), Democratic
- 9. Warren P. Noble (1820-1903), Democratic
- 10. James M. Ashley (1824-1896), Republican
- 11. Wells A. Hutchins (1818-1895), Democratic
- 12. William E. Finck (1822-1901), Democratic
- 13. John O'Neill (1822-1905), Democratic
- 14. George Bliss (1813-1868), Democratic
- 15. James R. Morris (1819-1899), Democratic
- 16. Joseph W. White (1822-1892), Democratic
- 17. Ephraim R. Eckley (1811-1908), Republican
- 18. Rufus P. Spalding (1798-1886), Republican
- 19. James A. Garfield (1831-1881), Republican
- Oregon
- A/L. J.R. McBride (1832-1904), Republican
- Pennsylvania
- 1. Samuel J. Randall (1828-1890), Democratic
- 2. Charles O'Neill (1821-1893), Republican
- 3. Leonard Myers (1827-1905), Republican
- 4. William D. Kelley (1814-1890), Republican
- 5. M. Russell Thayer (1819-1906), Republican
- 6. John D. Stiles (1822-1896), Democratic
- 7. John M. Broomall (1816-1894), Republican
- 8. Sydenham E. Ancona (1824-1913), Democratic
- 9. Thaddeus Stevens (1792-1868), Republican
- 10. Myer Strouse (1825-1878), Democratic
- 11. Philip Johnson (1818-1867), Democratic
- 12. Charles Denison (1818-1867), Democratic
- 13. Henry W. Tracy (1807-1886), Independent Republican
- 14. William H. Miller (1829-1870), Democratic
- 15. Joseph Bailey (1810-1885), Democratic
- 16. Alexander H. Coffroth (1828-1906), Democratic
- 17. Archibald McAllister (1813-1883), Democratic
- 18. James T. Hale (1810-1865), Independent Republican
- 19. Glenni W. Scofield (1817-1891), Republican
- 20. Amos Myers (1824-1893), Republican
- 21. John L. Dawson (1813-1870), Democratic
- 22. James K. Moorhead (1806-1884), Republican
- 23. Thomas Williams (1806-1872), Republican
- 24. Jesse Lazear (1804-1877), Democratic
- Rhode Island
- 1. Thomas A. Jenckes (1818-1875), Republican
- 2. Nathan F. Dixon (1812-1881), Republican
- Vermont
- 1. Frederick E. Woodbridge (1818-1888), Republican
- 2. Justin S. Morrill (1810-1898), Republican
- 3. Portus Baxter (1806-1868), Republican
- West Virginia
- 1. Jacob B. Blair (1821-1901), Unconditional Unionist ...new state, seated December 7, 1863.
- 2. William G. Brown (1800-1884), Unconditional Unionist ...new state, seated December 7, 1863.
- 3. Kellian V. Whaley (1821-1876), Unconditional Unionist ...new state, seated December 7, 1863.
- Wisconson
- 1. James S. Brown (1824-1878), Democratic
- 2. Ithamar C. Sloan (1822-1898), Republican
- 3. Amasa Cobb (1823-1905), Republican
- 4. Charles A. Eldredge (1820-1896), Democratic
- 5. Ezra Wheeler (1820-1871), Democratic
- 6. Walter D. McIndoe (1819-1872), Republican
[edit] Delegates
- Arizona Territory
- Charles D. Poston (1825-1902), Republican ...new territory, seated December 5, 1864.
- Colorado Territory
- Hiram P. Bennet (1826-1914), Republican
- Dakota Territory
- William Jayne (1826-1916), Independent ...contested election, served until June 17, 1864.
- John B.S. Todd (1814-1872), Democratic ...contested election, seated June 17, 1864.
- Idaho Territory
- William H. Wallace (1811-1879), Republican ...new territory, seated February 1, 1864.
- Montana Territory
- Samuel McLean (1826-1877), Democratic ...new territory, seated January 6, 1865.
- Nebraska Territory
- Samuel G. Daily (1823-1866), Republican
- Nevada Territory
- Gordon N. Mott (1812-1887), Republican ...admitted to the union as a state, October 31, 1864.
- New Mexico Territory
- Francisco Perea (1830-1913), Republican
- Utah Territory
- John F. Kinney (1816-1902), Democratic
- Washington Territory
- George E. Cole (1826-1906), Democratic
[edit] Membership Changes
[edit] Senate
[edit] House of Representatives
[edit] Officers
[edit] Senate
- Secretary of the Senate:
- John W. Forney of Pennsylvania elected July 15, 1861.
- Sergeant at Arms of the Senate:
- George T. Brown of Illinois, elected July 6, 1861.
- Chaplain of the Senate
- The Rev. Byron Sunderland, Presbyterian, elected July 10, 1861.
- The Rev. Thomas Bowman, Methodist, elected May 11, 1864.
[edit] House of Representatives
- Clerk of the House:
- Edward McPherson of Pennsylvania, elected December 8, 1863.
- Sergeant at Arms of the House:
- Nehemiah G. Ordway of New Hampshire, elected December 8, 1863.
- Doorkeeper of the House:
- Ira Goodnow of New York, elected December 8, 1863.
- Postmaster of the House:
- William S. King of Minnesota, elected December 8, 1863.
- Messenger to the Speaker:
- Thaddeus Morrice
- William D. Todd
- Chaplain of the House
- The Rev. William H. Channing, Unitarian, elected December 7, 1863.
[edit] Other
- Architect of the Capitol:
- Thomas U. Walter, appointed June 11, 1851.
[edit] References
- Remini, Robert V. (2006). The House. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc.
- Library of Congress (2006). Statutes at Large, 1789-1875. Retrieved on 2006-06-01.
- Library of Congress (2006). Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress. Retrieved on 2006-06-01.
- Library of Congress (2006). House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress. Retrieved on 2006-06-01.
- U.S. Congress (2005). Biographical Dictionary of the U.S. Congress. Retrieved on 2006-06-01.
- U.S. House of Representatives (2006). Congressional History. Retrieved on 2006-06-01.
- U.S. Senate (2006). Statistics and Lists. Retrieved on 2006-06-01.
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