12th United States Congress

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Contents 1 Dates of sessions 2 Major events 3 Major legislation 4 Party summary 4.1 Senate 4.2 House of Representatives 5 Leadership 5.1 Senate 5.2 House of Representatives 6 Members 6.1 Senate 6.2 House of Representatives 6.3 Delegates 7 Changes in Membership 7.1 Senate 7.2 House of Representatives 8 Officers 8.1 Senate 8.2 House of Representatives 8.3 Other 9 References

The Twelfth United States Congress was a meeting of the United States national legislature, comprised of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1811 to March 3, 1813, during the last two years of the first administration of U.S. President James Madison.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Second Census of the United States in 1800. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.

[edit] Dates of sessions

March 4, 1811–March 3, 1813

• First session: November 4, 1811 - July 6, 1812
• Second session: November 2, 1812 - March 3, 1813 — a lame duck session

Previous congress: 11th Congress
Next congress: 13th Congress

[edit] Major events

Main article: Events of 1811; Events of 1812; Events of 1813

• November 6, 1811 – Battle of Tippecanoe, William H. Harrison defeated the forces of Tecumseh.
• June 18, 1812 – War of 1812, United States declared war on Great Britain.
• August 16, 1812 – War of 1812, Detroit surrendered to the British.
• October 13, 1812 – War of 1812, The Battle of Queenston Heights took place.

• Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815) - Peninsular War
• Russo-Turkish War, 1806-1812

[edit] Major legislation

Main article : List of United States federal legislation in the 12th Congress

• April 30, 1812, Louisiana was admitted as a state into the Union. It was formerly known as the Territory of Orleans.

[edit] Party summary

[edit] Senate

• Democratic-Republican: 30 (majority)
• Federalist: 6

TOTAL members: 36

[edit] House of Representatives

• Democratic-Republican: 107 (majority)
• Federalist: 36

TOTAL members: 143

[edit] Leadership

[edit] Senate

• President of the Senate:
  • George Clinton, Democratic-Republican of New York, died April 20, 1812, thereafter vacant.
• President pro tempore of the Senate:
  • William H. Crawford, Democratic-Republican of Georgia, elected March 24, 1812.

[edit] House of Representatives

• Speaker of the House
  • Henry Clay, Democratic-Republican of Kentucky, elected November 4, 1811.

[edit] Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

See also: 12th United States Congress - Political Parties

See also: 12th United States Congress - State Delegations

See also: United States House election, 1810

[edit] Senate

At this time, Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election.. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1814; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1816; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1812

Connecticut

• 3. Chauncey Goodrich (Fed.)
• 1. Samuel W. Dana (Fed.)

Delaware

• 2. James A. Bayard (Fed.) …resigned March 3, 1813.
• 1. Outerbridge Horsey (Fed.)

Georgia

• 2. William H. Crawford (Dem.-Rep)
• 3. Charles Tait (Dem.-Rep)

Kentucky

• 3. John Pope (Dem.-Rep)
• 2. George M. Bibb (Dem.-Rep)

Louisiana

• 3. Allan B. Magruder (Dem.-Rep) …newly admitted state, elected September 3, 1812.
• 2. Jean N. Destréhan (Dem.-Rep) …newly admitted state, elected September 3, 1812, resigned October 1, 1812, never having qualified.

  Thomas Posey (Dem.-Rep) …appointed to fill vacancy, October 8, 1812.

  James Brown (Dem.-Rep) …elected to fill vacancy, February 5, 1813.

Maryland

• 1. Samuel Smith (Dem.-Rep)
• 3. Philip Reed (Dem.-Rep)

Massachusetts

• 1. James Lloyd (Fed.)
• 2. Joseph B. Varnum (Dem.-Rep) …elected to fill vacancy, June 8, 1811.

New Hampshire

• 2. Nicholas Gilman (Dem.-Rep)
• 3. Charles Cutts (Dem.-Rep)

New Jersey

• 1. John Lambert (Dem.-Rep)
• 2. John Condit (Dem.-Rep)

New York

• 3. John Smith (Dem.-Rep)
• 1. Obadiah German (Dem.-Rep)

North Carolina

• 2. James Turner (Dem.-Rep)
• 3. Jesse Franklin (Dem.-Rep)

Ohio

• 3. Alexander Campbell (Dem.-Rep)
• 1. Thomas Worthington (Dem.-Rep)

Pennsylvania

• 3. Andrew Gregg (Dem.-Rep)
• 1. Michael Leib (Dem.-Rep)

Rhode Island

• 1. Christopher G. Champlin (Fed.) …resigned October 2, 1811.

  William Hunter (Fed.) …elected to fill vacancy, October 28, 1811.

• 2. Jeremiah B. Howell (Dem.-Rep)

South Carolina

• 3. John Gaillard (Dem.-Rep)
• 2. John Taylor (Dem.-Rep)

Tennessee

• 1. Joseph Anderson (Dem.-Rep)
• 2. Jenkin Whiteside (Dem.-Rep) …resigned October 8, 1811.

  George W. Campbell (Dem.-Rep) …elected to fill vacancy, October 8, 1811.

Vermont

• 3. Stephen R. Bradley (Dem.-Rep)
• 1. Jonathan Robinson (Dem.-Rep)

Virginia

• 2. William B. Giles (Dem.-Rep)
• 1. Richard Brent (Dem.-Rep)

[edit] House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives known to have been elected statewide at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those known to have been elected from single member districts, are preceded by their district numbers. A district number with an "A/L" indicates more than one member may be elected from that district. The methodology used for the election of the others is undetermined.

Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

Connecticut

• 1. A/L. Epaphroditus Champion (Fed.)
• 2. A/L. John Davenport (Fed.)
• 3. A/L. Lyman Law (Fed.)
• 4. A/L. Jonathan O. Moseley (Fed.)
• 5. A/L. Timothy Pitkin (Fed.)
• 6. A/L. Lewis B. Sturges (Fed.)
• 7. A/L. Benjamin Tallmadge (Fed.)

Delaware

• A/L. Henry M. Ridgely (Fed.)

Georgia

• 1. A/L. Howell Cobb (Dem.-Rep) …resigned before October 5, 1812.

  William Barnett (Dem.-Rep) …elected to fill vacancy, seated November 27, 1812.

• 2. A/L. George M. Troup (Dem.-Rep)
• 3. A/L. Bolling Hall (Dem.-Rep)
• 4. A/L. William W. Bibb (Dem.-Rep)

Kentucky

• 1. Anthony New (Dem.-Rep)
• 2. Samuel McKee (Dem.-Rep)
• 3. Stephen Ormsby (Dem.-Rep)
• 4. Richard M. Johnson (Dem.-Rep)
• 5. Henry Clay (Dem.-Rep)
• 6. Joseph Desha (Dem.-Rep)

Louisiana

• A/L. Thomas B. Robertson (Dem.-Rep) …newly admitted state, seated December 23, 1812.

Maryland

• 6. Philip Stuart (Fed.)
• 1. Joseph Kent (Dem.-Rep)
• 2. Philip B. Key (Fed.)
• 3. Samuel Ringgold (Dem.-Rep)
• 4. Alexander McKim (Dem.-Rep)
• 5. A. John Montgomery (Dem.-Rep) …resigned before Congress assembled.

  Stevenson Archer (Dem.-Rep) …elected to fill vacancy, seated November 4, 1811.

• 5. B. Peter Little (Dem.-Rep)
• 7. Robert Wright (Dem.-Rep) …elected to fill vacancy.
• 8. Charles Goldsborough (Fed.)

Massachusetts

• 1. Josiah Quincy (Fed.)
• 2. William Reed (Fed.)
• 3. Leonard White (Fed.)
• 4. Joseph B. Varnum (Dem.-Rep) …resigned June 29, 1811, having been elected Senator

  William M. Richardson (Dem.-Rep) …elected to fill vacancy, seated January 22, 1812.

• 5. William Ely (Fed.)
• 6. Samuel Taggart (Fed.)
• 7. Charles Turner, Jr. (Dem.-Rep)
• 8. Isaiah L. Green (Dem.-Rep)
• 9. Laban Wheaton (Fed.)
• 10. Elijah Brigham (Fed.)
• 11. Abijah Bigelow (Fed.)
• 12. Ezekiel Bacon (Dem.-Rep)
• 13. Ebenezer Seaver (Dem.-Rep)
• 14. Richard Cutts (Dem.-Rep)
• 15. William Widgery (Dem.-Rep)
• 16. Peleg Tallman (Dem.-Rep)
• 17. Barzillai Gannett (Dem.-Rep) …resigned in 1812, never having qualified.

  Francis Carr (Dem.-Rep) …elected to fill vacancy, seated June 3, 1812.

New Hampshire

• 1. A/L. Josiah Bartlett, Jr. (Dem.-Rep)
• 2. A/L. Samuel Dinsmoor (Dem.-Rep)
• 3. A/L. Obed Hall (Dem.-Rep)
• 4. A/L. John A. Harper (Dem.-Rep)
• 5. A/L. George Sullivan (Fed.)

New Jersey

• A/L. Adam Boyd (Dem.-Rep)
• A/L. Lewis Condict (Dem.-Rep)
• A/L. Jacob Hufty (Fed.)
• A/L. George C. Maxwell (Dem.-Rep)
• A/L. James Morgan (Dem.-Rep)
• A/L. Thomas Newbold (Dem.-Rep)

New York

• Daniel Avery (Dem.-Rep)
• Harmanus Bleecker (Fed.)
• Thomas B. Cooke (Dem.-Rep)
• James Emott (Fed.)
• Asa Fitch (Fed.)
• Thomas R. Gold (Fed.)
• Robert Le Roy Livingston (Fed.) …resigned May 6, 1812.

  Thomas P. Grosvenor (Fed.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated January 29, 1813.

• Arunah Metcalf (Dem.-Rep)
• Samuel L. Mitchill (Dem.-Rep)
• William Paulding, Jr. (Dem.-Rep)
• Benjamin Pond (Dem.-Rep)
• Peter B. Porter (Dem.-Rep)
• Ebenezer Sage (Dem.-Rep)
• Thomas Sammons (Dem.-Rep)
• Silas Stow (Dem.-Rep)
• Uri Tracy (Dem.-Rep)
• Pierre Van Cortlandt, Jr. (Dem.-Rep)

North Carolina

• 1. Lemuel Sawyer (Dem.-Rep)
• 10. Willis Alston (Dem.-Rep)
• 11. Thomas Blount (Dem.-Rep) …died February 7, 1812.
• 12. William Blackledge (Dem.-Rep)
• 2. William R. King (Dem.-Rep)
• 3. Nathaniel Macon (Dem.-Rep)
• 4. Archibald McBryde (Fed.)
• 5. Richard Stanford (Dem.-Rep)
• 6. James Cochran (Dem.-Rep)
• 7. Joseph Pearson (Fed.)
• 8. Israel Pickens (Dem.-Rep)
• 9. Meshack Franklin (Dem.-Rep)

Ohio

• A/L. Jeremiah Morrow (Dem.-Rep)

Pennsylvania

• William Anderson (Dem.-Rep)
• David Bard (Dem.-Rep)
• Robert Brown (Dem.-Rep)
• William Crawford (Dem.-Rep)
• Roger Davis (Dem.-Rep)
• William Findley (Dem.-Rep)
• John M. Hyneman (Dem.-Rep)
• Abner Lacock (Dem.-Rep)
• Joseph Lefever (Dem.-Rep)
• Aaron Lyle (Dem.-Rep)
• James Milnor (Fed.)
• William Piper (Dem.-Rep)
• Jonathan Roberts (Dem.-Rep)
• William Rodman (Dem.-Rep)
• Adam Seybert (Dem.-Rep)
• John Smilie (Dem.-Rep) …died December 30, 1812.
• George Smith (Dem.-Rep)
• Robert Whitehill (Dem.-Rep)

Rhode Island

• 1. A/L. Richard Jackson, Jr. (Fed.)
• 2. A/L. Elisha R. Potter (Fed.)

South Carolina

• 1. Langdon Cheves (Dem.-Rep)
• 2. William Butler (Dem.-Rep)
• 3. David R. Williams (Dem.-Rep)
• 4. William Lowndes (Dem.-Rep)
• 5. Richard Winn (Dem.-Rep)
• 6. John C. Calhoun (Dem.-Rep)
• 7. Thomas Moore (Dem.-Rep)
• 8. Elias Earle (Dem.-Rep)

Tennessee

• 1. Felix Grundy (Dem.-Rep)
• 2. John Sevier (Dem.-Rep)
• 3. John Rhea (Dem.-Rep)

Vermont

• 1. Samuel Shaw (Dem.-Rep)
• 2. William Strong (Dem.-Rep)
• 3. James Fisk (Dem.-Rep)
• 4. Martin Chittenden (Fed.)

Virginia

• 1. Thomas Wilson (Fed.)
• 2. John Baker (Fed.)
• 3. John Smith (Dem.-Rep)
• 4. William McCoy (Dem.-Rep)
• 5. James Breckinridge (Fed.)
• 6. Daniel Sheffey (Fed.)
• 7. Joseph Lewis, Jr. (Fed.)
• 8. John P. Hungerford (Dem.-Rep) …contested election, served until November 29, 1811.

  John Taliaferro (Dem.-Rep) …contested election, seated December 2, 1811.

• 9. Aylett Hawes (Dem.-Rep)
• 10. John Dawson (Dem.-Rep)
• 11. John Roane (Dem.-Rep)
• 12. Burwell Bassett (Dem.-Rep)
• 13. William A. Burwell (Dem.-Rep)
• 14. Matthew Clay (Dem.-Rep)
• 15. John Randolph (Dem.-Rep)
• 16. James Pleasants (Dem.-Rep)
• 17. Thomas Gholson, Jr. (Dem.-Rep)
• 18. Peterson Goodwyn (Dem.-Rep)
• 19. Edwin Gray (Dem.-Rep)
• 20. Thomas Newton, Jr. (Dem.-Rep)
• 21. Hugh Nelson (Dem.-Rep)
• 22. John Clopton (Dem.-Rep)

[edit] Delegates

Illinois Territory

• A/L. Shadrack Bond (undetermined) …new territory, seated December 3, 1812.

Indiana Territory

• A/L. Jonathan Jennings (undetermined)

Mississippi Territory

• A/L. George Poindexter (undetermined)

Missouri Territory

• A/L. Edward Hempstead (undetermined) …new territory, seated January 4, 1813.

[edit] Changes in Membership

[edit] Senate

• Democratic-Republicans: 2 seat net gain
• Federalists: no net change

• deaths: 0
• resignations: 4
• interim appointments: 1
• new states: 2
• vacancies:1
• Total seats with changes: 6

[edit] House of Representatives

• Democratic-Republicans: 1 seat net gain
• Federalists: no net change

• deaths: 2
• resignations: 5
• contested election: 1
• new states: 1
• vacancies: 1
• Total seats with changes: 10

[edit] Officers

[edit] Senate

• Secretary of the Senate:
  • Samuel A. Otis of Massachusetts elected April 8, 1789.
• Sergeant at Arms of the Senate:
  • James Mathers of New York, elected April 7, 1789, died in office.
  • Mountjoy Bayly of New Hampshire, elected November 6, 1811.
• Chaplain of the Senate
  • The Rev. John Brackenridge, Presbyterian, elected November 13, 1811.

[edit] House of Representatives

• Clerk of the House:
  • Patrick Magruder of Maryland, elected November 4, 1811.
• Sergeant at Arms of the House:
  • Thomas Dunn of Maryland, elected November 4, 1811.
• Doorkeeper of the House:
  • Thomas Claxton, elected November 4, 1811.
• Chaplain of the House
  • The Rev. Nicholas Sneathen, Methodist, elected November 4, 1811.
  • The Rev. Jesse Lee, Methodist, elected November 2, 1812.

[edit] Other

• Architect of the Capitol:
  • Benjamin H. Latrobe, appointed March 6, 1803.

[edit] References

• Remini, Robert V. (2006). The House. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc.
• Library of Congress (2006). Statutes at Large, 1789-1875. Retrieved on 2006-07-01.
• Library of Congress (2006). Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress. Retrieved on 2006-07-01.
• Library of Congress (2006). House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress. Retrieved on 2006-07-01.
• U.S. Congress (2005). Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Retrieved on 2006-07-01.
• U.S. House of Representatives (2006). Congressional History. Retrieved on 2006-07-01.
• U.S. Senate (2006). Statistics and Lists. Retrieved on 2006-07-01.

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